Intel® Agilex™ Hard Processor System Technical Reference Manual

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ID 683567
Date 11/11/2022
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. Intel® Agilex™ Hard Processor System Technical Reference Manual Revision History 2. Introduction to the Hard Processor System 3. Cortex-A53 MPCore Processor 4. Cache Coherency Unit 5. System Memory Management Unit 6. System Interconnect 7. Bridges 8. DMA Controller 9. On-Chip RAM 10. Error Checking and Correction Controller 11. Clock Manager 12. System Manager 13. Reset Manager 14. Hard Processor System I/O Pin Multiplexing 15. NAND Flash Controller 16. SD/MMC Controller 17. Ethernet Media Access Controller 18. USB 2.0 OTG Controller 19. SPI Controller 20. I2C Controller 21. UART Controller 22. General-Purpose I/O Interface 23. Timers 24. Watchdog Timers 25. CoreSight Debug and Trace A. Booting and Configuration B. Accessing the Secure Device Manager Quad SPI Flash Controller through HPS
2. Introduction to the Hard Processor System x
2.1. Features of the HPS 2.2. HPS Block Diagram and System Integration 2.3. Endian Support 2.4. Introduction to the Hard Processor System Address Map
2.2. HPS Block Diagram and System Integration x
2.2.1. HPS Block Diagram 2.2.2. Cortex-A53 MPCore Processor 2.2.3. Cache Coherency Unit 2.2.4. System Memory Management Unit 2.2.5. HPS Interfaces 2.2.6. System Interconnect 2.2.7. On-Chip RAM 2.2.8. Flash Memory Controllers 2.2.9. System Modules 2.2.10. Interface Peripherals 2.2.11. CoreSight* Debug and Trace 2.2.12. Hard Processor System I/O Pin Multiplexing
2.2.5. HPS Interfaces x
2.2.5.1. HPS-FPGA Memory-Mapped Interfaces 2.2.5.2. Other HPS Interfaces
2.2.6. System Interconnect x
2.2.6.1. MPFE Subsystem
2.2.8. Flash Memory Controllers x
2.2.8.1. NAND Flash Controller 2.2.8.2. SD/MMC Controller
2.2.9. System Modules x
2.2.9.1. Clock Manager 2.2.9.2. Reset Manager 2.2.9.3. System Manager 2.2.9.4. Timers 2.2.9.5. Watchdog Timers 2.2.9.6. DMA Controller 2.2.9.7. Error Checking and Correction Controller
2.2.10. Interface Peripherals x
2.2.10.1. EMACs 2.2.10.2. USB Controllers 2.2.10.3. I2C Controllers 2.2.10.4. UARTs 2.2.10.5. SPI Master Controllers 2.2.10.6. SPI Slave Controllers 2.2.10.7. GPIO Interfaces
3. Cortex-A53 MPCore Processor x
3.1. Features of the Cortex-A53 MPCore 3.2. Advantages of Cortex-A53 MPCore 3.3. Cortex-A53 MPCore Block Diagram 3.4. Cortex-A53 MPCore System Integration 3.5. Cortex-A53 MPCore Functional Description 3.6. Cortex® -A53 MPCore™ Programming Guide 3.7. Cortex® -A53 MPCore™ Address Map
3.5. Cortex-A53 MPCore Functional Description x
3.5.1. Exception Levels 3.5.2. Virtualization 3.5.3. Memory Management Unit 3.5.4. Level 1 Caches 3.5.5. Level 2 Memory System 3.5.6. Snoop Control Unit 3.5.7. Cryptographic Extensions 3.5.8. NEON Multimedia Processing Engine 3.5.9. Floating Point Unit 3.5.10. ACE Bus Interface 3.5.11. Abort Handling 3.5.12. Cache Protection 3.5.13. Generic Interrupt Controller 3.5.14. Generic Timers 3.5.15. Debug Modules 3.5.16. Cache Coherency Unit 3.5.17. Clock Sources
3.5.1. Exception Levels x
3.5.1.1. Security State 3.5.1.2. Security Model
3.5.2. Virtualization x
3.5.2.1. Virtual Interrupts
3.5.3. Memory Management Unit x
3.5.3.1. Translation Lookaside Buffers 3.5.3.2. Translation Match Process
3.5.4. Level 1 Caches x
3.5.4.1. Instruction Cache 3.5.4.2. Data Cache 3.5.4.3. Initializing the Instruction and Data Caches
3.5.4.2. Data Cache x
3.5.4.2.1. ACE Transactions 3.5.4.2.2. Data Prefetching
3.5.6. Snoop Control Unit x
3.5.6.1. Implementation Details
3.5.8. NEON Multimedia Processing Engine x
3.5.8.1. Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) Processing 3.5.8.2. Features of the NEON MPE
3.5.12. Cache Protection x
3.5.12.1. Error Reporting
3.5.13. Generic Interrupt Controller x
3.5.13.1. GIC Clock 3.5.13.2. GIC Reset 3.5.13.3. GIC Interrupt Map for the SoC HPS
3.5.14. Generic Timers x
3.5.14.1. System Counter
3.5.15. Debug Modules x
3.5.15.1. ARMv8 Debug 3.5.15.2. Interactive Debugging Features 3.5.15.3. Performance Monitor Unit 3.5.15.4. Embedded Trace Macrocell 3.5.15.5. Program Trace 3.5.15.6. Event Trace 3.5.15.7. Cross Trigger Interface
3.5.15.4. Embedded Trace Macrocell x
3.5.15.4.1. Embedded Trace Macrocell Reset
3.6. Cortex® -A53 MPCore™ Programming Guide x
3.6.1. Enabling Cortex® -A53 MPCore™ Clocks 3.6.2. Bringing the Cortex® -A53 MPCore™ out of Reset 3.6.3. Enabling and Disabling Cache 3.6.4. Entering Low Power Modes
4. Cache Coherency Unit x
4.1. Supported Features 4.2. Functional Description 4.3. Cache Coherency Unit Transactions 4.4. Cache Coherency Unit Address Map and Register Definitions
4.2. Functional Description x
4.2.1. Connectivity 4.2.2. System Integration 4.2.3. Reset and Initialization 4.2.4. Discovery Routine 4.2.5. Operational State 4.2.6. Maintenance Operations 4.2.7. Error Handling 4.2.8. OCRAM Firewall
4.3. Cache Coherency Unit Transactions x
4.3.1. Command Mapping
5. System Memory Management Unit x
5.1. System Memory Management Unit Features 5.2. System MMU Block Diagram 5.3. System Integration 5.4. System Memory Management Unit Functional Description 5.5. System Memory Management Unit Configuration 5.6. System Memory Management Unit Address Map and Register Definitions
5.2. System MMU Block Diagram x
5.2.1. System Memory Management Unit Interfaces
5.4. System Memory Management Unit Functional Description x
5.4.1. Translation Stages 5.4.2. Exception Levels 5.4.3. Translation Regimes 5.4.4. Translation Buffer Unit 5.4.5. Translation Control Unit 5.4.6. Security State Determination 5.4.7. Stream ID 5.4.8. Quality of Service Arbitration 5.4.9. System Memory Management Unit Interrupts 5.4.10. System Memory Management Unit Reset 5.4.11. System Memory Management Unit Clocks
5.4.2. Exception Levels x
5.4.2.1. Security State
5.4.4. Translation Buffer Unit x
5.4.4.1. Micro Translation Lookaside Buffer
5.4.5. Translation Control Unit x
5.4.5.1. Macro Translation Lookaside Buffer
6. System Interconnect x
6.1. Functional Description 6.2. System Interconnect Clocks 6.3. System Interconnect Resets 6.4. System Interconnect Address Spaces 6.5. System Interconnect Address Map and Register Definitions
6.1. Functional Description x
6.1.1. Masters and Slaves Connectivity Matrix 6.1.2. Secure Transaction Protection 6.1.3. Rate Adapter 6.1.4. Arbitration and Quality of Service 6.1.5. Observation Network
6.1.1. Masters and Slaves Connectivity Matrix x
6.1.1.1. Connections
6.1.2. Secure Transaction Protection x
6.1.2.1. System Interconnect Firewalls 6.1.2.2. Transaction Privilege
6.1.2.1. System Interconnect Firewalls x
6.1.2.1.1. Firewall Description 6.1.2.1.2. Master Security 6.1.2.1.3. Slave Security
6.1.5. Observation Network x
6.1.5.1. Interconnect Probes 6.1.5.2. Packet Tracing, Profiling, Statistics, Alarms, and Error Logs
6.4. System Interconnect Address Spaces x
6.4.1. L3 Address Space 6.4.2. MPU Address Space 6.4.3. HPS-to-FPGA Bridge Address Space 6.4.4. Example (Recommended) System Memory Mapping Scheme 6.4.5. Peripheral Region Address Map
7. Bridges x
7.1. Features of the Bridges 7.2. HPS Bridges Block Diagram 7.3. FPGA-to-HPS Bridge 7.4. HPS-to-FPGA Bridge 7.5. Lightweight HPS-to-FPGA Bridge 7.6. Clocks and Resets 7.7. Data Width Sizing 7.8. HPS Bridges Address Map and Register Definitions
7.3. FPGA-to-HPS Bridge x
7.3.1. FPGA-to-HPS MPFE Switch 7.3.2. FPGA-to-HPS Fabric Bypass Mux 7.3.3. FPGA-to-HPS Bridge Signals 7.3.4. FPGA-to-HPS Restrictions 7.3.5. FPGA-to-HPS Example Transactions
7.3.4. FPGA-to-HPS Restrictions x
7.3.4.1. FPGA-to-SDRAM direct ( AXI* 4) 7.3.4.2. FPGA-to-HPS CCU (ACE-lite*) 7.3.4.3. AxPROT[2:0] Considerations
7.3.5. FPGA-to-HPS Example Transactions x
7.3.5.1. FPGA-to-SDRAM direct (Cache Non-Allocate) 7.3.5.2. FPGA-to-HPS CCU to Memory (Cache Non-Allocate) 7.3.5.3. FPGA-to-HPS CCU to Memory (Cache-Allocate) 7.3.5.4. FPGA-to-HPS CCU to Peripherals (Device Non-Bufferable) 7.3.5.5. FPGA-to-HPS Example Transactions Summary Table
7.4. HPS-to-FPGA Bridge x
7.4.1. HPS-to-FPGA Bridge Signals
7.5. Lightweight HPS-to-FPGA Bridge x
7.5.1. Lightweight HPS-to-FPGA Bridge Signals
7.6. Clocks and Resets x
7.6.1. FPGA-to-HPS Bridge Clocks and Resets 7.6.2. HPS-to-FPGA Bridge Clocks and Resets 7.6.3. Lightweight HPS-to-FPGA Bridge Clocks and Resets 7.6.4. Taking HPS Bridges Out of Reset
8. DMA Controller x
8.1. Features of the DMA Controller 8.2. DMA Controller Block Diagram 8.3. Functional Description of the DMA Controller 8.4. DMA Controller Address Map and Register Definitions
8.2. DMA Controller Block Diagram x
8.2.1. Distributed Virtual Memory Support
8.3. Functional Description of the DMA Controller x
8.3.1. Error Checking and Correction 8.3.2. Peripheral Request Interface
8.3.1. Error Checking and Correction x
8.3.1.1. Initializing and Clearing of Memory before Enabling ECC
8.3.2. Peripheral Request Interface x
8.3.2.1. Handshake Rules 8.3.2.2. Peripheral Request Interface Mapping
9. On-Chip RAM x
9.1. Features of the On-Chip RAM 9.2. On-Chip RAM Interfaces 9.3. Functional Description of the On-Chip RAM 9.4. On-Chip RAM Address Map and Register Definitions
9.3. Functional Description of the On-Chip RAM x
9.3.1. Read and Write Double-Bit Bus Errors 9.3.2. On-Chip RAM Controller 9.3.3. On-Chip RAM Burst Support 9.3.4. Exclusive Access Support 9.3.5. Sub-word Accesses 9.3.6. On-Chip RAM Clocks 9.3.7. On-Chip RAM Resets 9.3.8. On-Chip RAM Initialization 9.3.9. ECC Protection
9.3.5. Sub-word Accesses x
9.3.5.1. Pipeline and Timing
10. Error Checking and Correction Controller x
10.1. ECC Controller Features 10.2. ECC Supported Memories 10.3. ECC Controller Block Diagram and System Integration 10.4. ECC Controller Functional Description 10.5. ECC Controller Address Map and Register Descriptions
10.4. ECC Controller Functional Description x
10.4.1. Overview 10.4.2. ECC Structure 10.4.3. Memory Data Initialization 10.4.4. Indirect Memory Access 10.4.5. Error Logging 10.4.6. ECC Controller Interrupts 10.4.7. ECC Controller Initialization and Configuration 10.4.8. ECC Controller Clocks 10.4.9. ECC Controller Reset
10.4.2. ECC Structure x
10.4.2.1. RAM and ECC Memory Organization Example
10.4.4. Indirect Memory Access x
10.4.4.1. Watchdog Timer 10.4.4.2. Data Correction 10.4.4.3. Error Injection 10.4.4.4. Memory Testing 10.4.4.5. Error Checking and Correction Algorithm
10.4.4.4. Memory Testing x
10.4.4.4.1. Register Interface Tests 10.4.4.4.2. Peripheral Slave Interface Tests for DMA ECC RAM
10.4.5. Error Logging x
10.4.5.1. Recent Error Address Registers 10.4.5.2. Single-Bit Error Occurrence 10.4.5.3. Single-Bit Error Look-Up Table
10.4.6. ECC Controller Interrupts x
10.4.6.1. Single-Bit Error Interrupts 10.4.6.2. Double-Bit Error Interrupt 10.4.6.3. Interrupt Testing
11. Clock Manager x
11.1. Features of the Clock Manager 11.2. Top Level Clocks 11.3. Functional Description of the Clock Manager 11.4. Clock Manager Address Map and Register Definitions
11.2. Top Level Clocks x
11.2.1. Boot Clock
11.3. Functional Description of the Clock Manager x
11.3.1. Clock Manager Building Blocks 11.3.2. PLL Integration 11.3.3. Hardware-Managed and Software-Managed Clocks 11.3.4. Hardware Sequenced Clock Groups 11.3.5. Software Sequenced Clocks 11.3.6. Resets 11.3.7. Security 11.3.8. Interrupts
11.3.1. Clock Manager Building Blocks x
11.3.1.1. PLLs 11.3.1.2. Clock Gating
12. System Manager x
12.1. Features of the System Manager 12.2. System Manager Block Diagram 12.3. Functional Description of the System Manager 12.4. System Manager Address Map and Register Definitions
12.3. Functional Description of the System Manager x
12.3.1. Additional Module Control 12.3.2. FPGA Interface Enables 12.3.3. ECC and Parity Control 12.3.4. Preloader Handoff Information 12.3.5. Clocks 12.3.6. Resets
12.3.1. Additional Module Control x
12.3.1.1. DMA Controller 12.3.1.2. NAND Flash Controller 12.3.1.3. EMAC 12.3.1.4. USB 2.0 OTG Controller 12.3.1.5. SD/MMC Controller 12.3.1.6. GPIO Interconnect Between the HPS and FPGA 12.3.1.7. Watchdog Timer
13. Reset Manager x
13.1. Functional Description 13.2. Modules Under Reset 13.3. Reset Handshaking 13.4. Reset Sequencing 13.5. Reset Signals and Registers 13.6. Reset Manager Address Map and Register Definitions
13.4. Reset Sequencing x
13.4.1. HPS-to-FPGA Reset Sequence 13.4.2. Warm Reset Sequence 13.4.3. Watchdog Reset Sequence
14. Hard Processor System I/O Pin Multiplexing x
14.1. Features of the Intel® Agilex™ HPS I/O Block 14.2. Intel® Agilex™ HPS I/O System Integration 14.3. Functional Description of the HPS I/O 14.4. Intel® Agilex™ Pin MUX Test Considerations 14.5. Intel® Agilex™ I/O Pin MUX Address Map and Register Definitions
14.3. Functional Description of the HPS I/O x
14.3.1. I/O Pins 14.3.2. FPGA Access 14.3.3. Intel® Agilex™ I/O Control Registers 14.3.4. Configuring HPS I/O Multiplexing
14.3.3. Intel® Agilex™ I/O Control Registers x
14.3.3.1. Intel® Agilex™ Dedicated Pin MUX Registers 14.3.3.2. Intel® Agilex™ Dedicated Configuration Registers 14.3.3.3. FPGA Access MUX Registers 14.3.3.4. HPS Oscillator Clock Input Register 14.3.3.5. HPS JTAG Pin MUX Register
14.3.4. Configuring HPS I/O Multiplexing x
14.3.4.1. Configuring Intel® Agilex™ I/O Multiplexing at System Generation
15. NAND Flash Controller x
15.1. NAND Flash Controller Features 15.2. NAND Flash Controller Block Diagram and System Integration 15.3. NAND Flash Controller Signal Descriptions 15.4. Functional Description of the NAND Flash Controller 15.5. NAND Flash Controller Programming Model 15.6. NAND Flash Controller Address Map and Register Definitions
15.2. NAND Flash Controller Block Diagram and System Integration x
15.2.1. Distributed Virtual Memory Support
15.4. Functional Description of the NAND Flash Controller x
15.4.1. Discovery and Initialization 15.4.2. Bootstrap Interface 15.4.3. Configuration by Host 15.4.4. Local Memory Buffer 15.4.5. Clocks 15.4.6. Resets 15.4.7. Indexed Addressing 15.4.8. Command Mapping 15.4.9. Data DMA 15.4.10. ECC
15.4.2. Bootstrap Interface x
15.4.2.1. Bootstrap Setting Bits
15.4.3. Configuration by Host x
15.4.3.1. Recommended Bootstrap Settings for 512-Byte Page Device
15.4.5. Clocks x
15.4.5.1. Clock Generation 15.4.5.2. Clock Enable 15.4.5.3. Clock Switching
15.4.6. Resets x
15.4.6.1. Taking the NAND Flash Controller Out of Reset
15.4.7. Indexed Addressing x
15.4.7.1. Register Map for Indexed Addressing 15.4.7.2. Indexed Addressing Host Usage
15.4.8. Command Mapping x
15.4.8.1. MAP00 Commands 15.4.8.2. MAP01 Commands 15.4.8.3. MAP10 Commands 15.4.8.4. MAP11 Commands
15.4.8.1. MAP00 Commands x
15.4.8.1.1. MAP00 Command Format 15.4.8.1.2. MAP00 Usage Limitations
15.4.8.2. MAP01 Commands x
15.4.8.2.1. MAP01 Command Format 15.4.8.2.2. MAP01 Usage Limitations
15.4.8.3. MAP10 Commands x
15.4.8.3.1. MAP10 Command Format 15.4.8.3.2. MAP10 Operations 15.4.8.3.3. MAP10 Usage Limitations
15.4.8.4. MAP11 Commands x
15.4.8.4.1. MAP11 Control Format 15.4.8.4.2. MAP11 Usage Limitations
15.4.9. Data DMA x
15.4.9.1. Multi-Transaction DMA Command 15.4.9.2. Burst DMA Command
15.4.9.1. Multi-Transaction DMA Command x
15.4.9.1.1. Command-Data Pair Formats 15.4.9.1.2. Using Multi-Transaction DMA Commands
15.4.10. ECC x
15.4.10.1. Correction Capability, Sector Size, and Check Bit Size 15.4.10.2. ECC Programming Modes 15.4.10.3. Main Area Transfer Mode 15.4.10.4. Spare Area Transfer Mode 15.4.10.5. Main+Spare Area Transfer Mode 15.4.10.6. Preserving Bad Block Markers 15.4.10.7. Error Correction Status
15.5. NAND Flash Controller Programming Model x
15.5.1. Basic Flash Programming 15.5.2. Flash-Related Special Function Operations
15.5.1. Basic Flash Programming x
15.5.1.1. NAND Flash Controller Optimization Sequence 15.5.1.2. Device Initialization Sequence 15.5.1.3. Device Operation Control 15.5.1.4. ECC Enabling 15.5.1.5. NAND Flash Controller Performance Registers 15.5.1.6. Interrupt and DMA Enabling 15.5.1.7. Timing Registers 15.5.1.8. Registers to Ignore
15.5.1.6. Interrupt and DMA Enabling x
15.5.1.6.1. Order of Interrupt Status Bits Assertion
15.5.2. Flash-Related Special Function Operations x
15.5.2.1. Erase Operations 15.5.2.2. Lock Operations 15.5.2.3. Transfer Mode Operations 15.5.2.4. Read-Modify-Write Operations 15.5.2.5. Copy-Back Operations 15.5.2.6. Pipeline Read-Ahead and Write-Ahead Operations
15.5.2.1. Erase Operations x
15.5.2.1.1. Single Block Erase 15.5.2.1.2. Multi-Plane Erase
15.5.2.2. Lock Operations x
15.5.2.2.1. Unlocking a Span of Memory Blocks 15.5.2.2.2. Locking All Memory Blocks 15.5.2.2.3. Setting Lock-Tight on All Memory Blocks
15.5.2.3. Transfer Mode Operations x
15.5.2.3.1. transfer_spare_reg and MAP10 Transfer Mode Commands 15.5.2.3.2. Configure for Default Area Access 15.5.2.3.3. Configure for Spare Area Access 15.5.2.3.4. Configure for Main+Spare Area Access
15.5.2.4. Read-Modify-Write Operations x
15.5.2.4.1. Read-Modify-Write Operation Flow
15.5.2.5. Copy-Back Operations x
15.5.2.5.1. Copying a Memory Area (Single Plane) 15.5.2.5.2. Copying a Memory Area (Multi-Plane)
15.5.2.6. Pipeline Read-Ahead and Write-Ahead Operations x
15.5.2.6.1. Pipeline Read-Ahead Function 15.5.2.6.2. Set Up a Single Area for Pipeline Read-Ahead 15.5.2.6.3. Pipeline Write-Ahead Function 15.5.2.6.4. Set Up a Single Area for Pipeline Write-Ahead 15.5.2.6.5. Other Supported Commands
16. SD/MMC Controller x
16.1. Features of the SD/MMC Controller 16.2. SD/MMC Controller Block Diagram 16.3. SD/MMC Controller Signal Description 16.4. Functional Description of the SD/MMC Controller 16.5. SD/MMC Controller Programming Model 16.6. SD/MMC Controller Address Map and Register Definitions
16.1. Features of the SD/MMC Controller x
16.1.1. Device Support 16.1.2. SD Card Support Matrix 16.1.3. MMC Support Matrix
16.2. SD/MMC Controller Block Diagram x
16.2.1. Distributed Virtual Memory Support
16.4. Functional Description of the SD/MMC Controller x
16.4.1. SD/MMC/CE-ATA Protocol 16.4.2. BIU 16.4.3. CIU 16.4.4. Clocks 16.4.5. Resets 16.4.6. Voltage Switching
16.4.2. BIU x
16.4.2.1. Slave Interface 16.4.2.2. Register Block 16.4.2.3. FIFO Buffer 16.4.2.4. Interrupt Controller Unit 16.4.2.5. Internal DMA Controller 16.4.2.6. Abort During Internal DMA Transfer 16.4.2.7. Fatal Bus Error Scenarios
16.4.2.2. Register Block x
16.4.2.2.1. Registers Locked Out Pending Command Acceptance
16.4.2.4. Interrupt Controller Unit x
16.4.2.4.1. Interrupt Setting and Clearing
16.4.2.5. Internal DMA Controller x
16.4.2.5.1. Internal DMA Controller Descriptors 16.4.2.5.2. Internal DMA Controller Descriptor Address 16.4.2.5.3. Internal DMA Controller Descriptor Fields 16.4.2.5.4. Host Bus Burst Access 16.4.2.5.5. Host Data Buffer Alignment 16.4.2.5.6. Buffer Size Calculations 16.4.2.5.7. Internal DMA Controller Interrupts 16.4.2.5.8. Internal DMA Controller Functional State Machine†
16.4.2.7. Fatal Bus Error Scenarios x
16.4.2.7.1. FIFO Buffer Overflow and Underflow 16.4.2.7.2. PBL and Watermark Levels
16.4.3. CIU x
16.4.3.1. Command Path 16.4.3.2. Data Path 16.4.3.3. Clock Control Block 16.4.3.4. Error Detection
16.4.3.1. Command Path x
16.4.3.1.1. Load Command Parameters 16.4.3.1.2. Send Command and Receive Response 16.4.3.1.3. Send Response to BIU 16.4.3.1.4. Driving P-bit to the CMD Pin 16.4.3.1.5. Polling the CCS 16.4.3.1.6. CCS Detection and Interrupt to Host Processor 16.4.3.1.7. CCS Timeout 16.4.3.1.8. Send CCSD Command 16.4.3.1.9. I/O transmission delay (NACIO Timeout)
16.4.3.2. Data Path x
16.4.3.2.1. Data Transmit 16.4.3.2.2. Data Receive 16.4.3.2.3. Auto-Stop 16.4.3.2.4. Non-Data Transfer Commands that Use Data Path
16.4.3.4. Error Detection x
16.4.3.4.1. Response† 16.4.3.4.2. Data Transmit† 16.4.3.4.3. Data Receive
16.4.5. Resets x
16.4.5.1. Taking the SD/MMC Controller Out of Reset
16.5. SD/MMC Controller Programming Model x
16.5.1. Software and Hardware Restrictions† 16.5.2. Initialization 16.5.3. Controller/DMA/FIFO Buffer Reset Usage 16.5.4. Non-Data Transfer Commands 16.5.5. Data Transfer Commands 16.5.6. Transfer Stop and Abort Commands 16.5.7. Internal DMA Controller Operations 16.5.8. Commands for SDIO Card Devices 16.5.9. CE-ATA Data Transfer Commands 16.5.10. Card Read Threshold 16.5.11. Interrupt and Error Handling 16.5.12. Booting Operation for eMMC and MMC
16.5.1. Software and Hardware Restrictions† x
16.5.1.1. Avoiding Glitches in the Card Clock Outputs† 16.5.1.2. Reading from a Card in Non-DMA Mode† 16.5.1.3. Software Issues a Controller_Reset Command† 16.5.1.4. Data-Transfer Requirement Between the FIFO and Host†
16.5.4. Non-Data Transfer Commands x
16.5.4.1. cmd Register Settings for Non-Data Transfer Command†
16.5.5. Data Transfer Commands x
16.5.5.1. Confirming Transfer State 16.5.5.2. Busy Signal After CE-ATA RW_BLK Write Transfer 16.5.5.3. Data Transfer Interrupts 16.5.5.4. Single-Block or Multiple-Block Read 16.5.5.5. Single-Block or Multiple-Block Write 16.5.5.6. Stream Read and Write 16.5.5.7. Packed Commands
16.5.5.4. Single-Block or Multiple-Block Read x
16.5.5.4.1. cmd Register Settings for Single-Block and Multiple-Block Reads†
16.5.5.5. Single-Block or Multiple-Block Write x
16.5.5.5.1. cmd Register Settings for Single-Block and Multiple-Block Write
16.5.6. Transfer Stop and Abort Commands x
16.5.6.1. STOP_TRANSMISSION (CMD12) 16.5.6.2. ABORT
16.5.6.2. ABORT x
16.5.6.2.1. Sending the ABORT Command 16.5.6.2.2. cmdarg Register Settings for SD/SDIO ABORT Command†
16.5.7. Internal DMA Controller Operations x
16.5.7.1. Internal DMA Controller Initialization 16.5.7.2. Internal DMA Controller Transmission Sequences 16.5.7.3. Internal DMA Controller Reception Sequences
16.5.8. Commands for SDIO Card Devices x
16.5.8.1. Suspend and Resume Sequence 16.5.8.2. Read-Wait Sequence
16.5.8.1. Suspend and Resume Sequence x
16.5.8.1.1. Suspend 16.5.8.1.2. Resume
16.5.8.2. Read-Wait Sequence x
16.5.8.2.1. Signaling a Stall
16.5.9. CE-ATA Data Transfer Commands x
16.5.9.1. ATA Task File Transfer Overview 16.5.9.2. ATA Task File Transfer Using the RW_MULTIPLE_REGISTER (RW_REG) Command 16.5.9.3. ATA Payload Transfer Using the RW_MULTIPLE_BLOCK (RW_BLK) Command 16.5.9.4. CE-ATA CCS 16.5.9.5. Reduced ATA Command Set
16.5.9.2. ATA Task File Transfer Using the RW_MULTIPLE_REGISTER (RW_REG) Command x
16.5.9.2.1. Implementing ATA Task File Transfer 16.5.9.2.2. Register Settings for ATA Task File Transfer 16.5.9.2.3. Reset and Card Device Discovery Overview
16.5.9.3. ATA Payload Transfer Using the RW_MULTIPLE_BLOCK (RW_BLK) Command x
16.5.9.3.1. Implementing ATA Payload Transfer 16.5.9.3.2. Register Settings for ATA Payload Transfer
16.5.9.4. CE-ATA CCS x
16.5.9.4.1. Disabling the CCS 16.5.9.4.2. Recovery after CCS Timeout 16.5.9.4.3. Recovery after I/O Read Transmission Delay (NACIO) Timeout
16.5.9.5. Reduced ATA Command Set x
16.5.9.5.1. The IDENTIFY DEVICE Command 16.5.9.5.2. The READ DMA EXT Command 16.5.9.5.3. The WRITE DMA EXT Command 16.5.9.5.4. The STANDBY IMMEDIATE Command 16.5.9.5.5. The FLUSH CACHE EXT Command
16.5.10. Card Read Threshold x
16.5.10.1. Recommended Usage Guidelines for Card Read Threshold 16.5.10.2. Card Read Threshold Programming Sequence 16.5.10.3. Card Read Threshold Programming Examples
16.5.12. Booting Operation for eMMC and MMC x
16.5.12.1. Boot Operation by Holding Down the CMD Line 16.5.12.2. Boot Operation for eMMC Card Device 16.5.12.3. Boot Operation for Removable MMC4.3, MMC4.4 and MMC4.41 Cards 16.5.12.4. Alternative Boot Operation 16.5.12.5. Alternative Boot Operation for eMMC Card Devices 16.5.12.6. Alternative Boot Operation for MMC4.3 Cards
16.5.12.3. Boot Operation for Removable MMC4.3, MMC4.4 and MMC4.41 Cards x
16.5.12.3.1. Removable MMC4.3, MMC4.4, and MMC4.41 Differences 16.5.12.3.2. Booting Removable MMC4.3, MMC4.4 and MMC4.41 Cards
16.5.12.6. Alternative Boot Operation for MMC4.3 Cards x
16.5.12.6.1. Removable MMC4.3 Boot Mode Support 16.5.12.6.2. Discovering Removable MMC4.3 Boot Mode Support
17. Ethernet Media Access Controller x
17.1. Features of the Ethernet MAC 17.2. EMAC Block Diagram and System Integration 17.3. Distributed Virtual Memory Support 17.4. EMAC Controller Signal Description 17.5. EMAC Internal Interfaces 17.6. Functional Description of the EMAC 17.7. Ethernet MAC Programming Model 17.8. Ethernet MAC Address Map and Register Definitions
17.1. Features of the Ethernet MAC x
17.1.1. MAC 17.1.2. DMA 17.1.3. Management Interface 17.1.4. Acceleration 17.1.5. PHY Interface
17.4. EMAC Controller Signal Description x
17.4.1. EMAC Controller I/O Signals 17.4.2. FPGA Routing 17.4.3. PHY Management Interface 17.4.4. PHY Interface Options
17.4.1. EMAC Controller I/O Signals x
17.4.1.1. HPS-to-PHY Interface Diagrams
17.4.3. PHY Management Interface x
17.4.3.1. MDIO Interface 17.4.3.2. I2C External PHY Management Interface
17.5. EMAC Internal Interfaces x
17.5.1. DMA Master Interface 17.5.2. Timestamp Interface 17.5.3. System Manager Configuration Interface
17.6. Functional Description of the EMAC x
17.6.1. Transmit and Receive Data FIFO Buffers 17.6.2. DMA Controller 17.6.3. Descriptor Overview 17.6.4. IEEE 1588-2002 Timestamps 17.6.5. IEEE 1588-2008 Advanced Timestamps 17.6.6. IEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet 17.6.7. Checksum Offload 17.6.8. Frame Filtering 17.6.9. Clocks and Resets 17.6.10. Interrupts
17.6.2. DMA Controller x
17.6.2.1. Descriptor Lists and Data Buffers† 17.6.2.2. Host Bus Burst Access 17.6.2.3. Host Data Buffer Alignment 17.6.2.4. Buffer Size Calculations 17.6.2.5. Transmission 17.6.2.6. Reception 17.6.2.7. Interrupts 17.6.2.8. Error Response to DMA
17.6.2.3. Host Data Buffer Alignment x
17.6.2.3.1. Example: Buffer Read 17.6.2.3.2. Example: Buffer Write
17.6.2.5. Transmission x
17.6.2.5.1. TX DMA Operation: Default (Non-OSF) Mode 17.6.2.5.2. TX DMA Operation: OSF Mode 17.6.2.5.3. Transmit Frame Processing 17.6.2.5.4. Transmit Polling Suspended
17.6.2.6. Reception x
17.6.2.6.1. Receive Descriptor Acquisition 17.6.2.6.2. Receive Frame Processing 17.6.2.6.3. Receive Process Suspended
17.6.3. Descriptor Overview x
17.6.3.1. Transmit Descriptor 17.6.3.2. Receive Descriptor
17.6.3.2. Receive Descriptor x
17.6.3.2.1. Receive Descriptor Field 0 (RDES0) 17.6.3.2.2. Receive Descriptor Field 1 (RDES1) 17.6.3.2.3. Receive Descriptor Fields (RDES2) and (RDES3) 17.6.3.2.4. Receive Descriptor Field 4 (RDES4) 17.6.3.2.5. Receive Descriptor Fields (RDES6) and (RDES7)
17.6.4. IEEE 1588-2002 Timestamps x
17.6.4.1. Reference Timing Source 17.6.4.2. System Time Register Module 17.6.4.3. Transmit Path Functions 17.6.4.4. Receive Path Functions 17.6.4.5. Timestamp Error Margin 17.6.4.6. Frequency Range of Reference Timing Clock
17.6.5. IEEE 1588-2008 Advanced Timestamps x
17.6.5.1. Peer-to-Peer PTP Transparent Clock (P2P TC) Message Support 17.6.5.2. Clock Types 17.6.5.3. Reference Timing Source 17.6.5.4. Transmit Path Functions 17.6.5.5. Receive Path Functions 17.6.5.6. Auxiliary Snapshot
17.6.5.2. Clock Types x
17.6.5.2.1. Ordinary Clock 17.6.5.2.2. Boundary Clock 17.6.5.2.3. End-to-End Transparent Clock 17.6.5.2.4. Peer-to-Peer Transparent Clock
17.6.6. IEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet x
17.6.6.1. LPI Timers
17.6.8. Frame Filtering x
17.6.8.1. Source Address or Destination Address Filtering 17.6.8.2. VLAN Filtering 17.6.8.3. Layer 3 and Layer 4 Filters
17.6.8.1. Source Address or Destination Address Filtering x
17.6.8.1.1. Unicast Destination Address Filter 17.6.8.1.2. Multicast Destination Address Filter 17.6.8.1.3. Hash or Perfect Address Filter 17.6.8.1.4. Broadcast Address Filter 17.6.8.1.5. Unicast Source Address Filter 17.6.8.1.6. Inverse Filtering Operation (Invert the Filter Match Result at Final Output) 17.6.8.1.7. Destination and Source Address Filtering Summary
17.6.8.2. VLAN Filtering x
17.6.8.2.1. VLAN Tag-Based Filtering 17.6.8.2.2. VLAN Hash Filtering with a 16-Bit Hash Table
17.6.8.3. Layer 3 and Layer 4 Filters x
17.6.8.3.1. Matched Frames 17.6.8.3.2. Unmatched Frames 17.6.8.3.3. NonTCP or UDP IP Frames 17.6.8.3.4. Layer 3 and Layer 4 Filters Register Set 17.6.8.3.5. Layer 3 Filtering 17.6.8.3.6. Layer 4 Filtering
17.6.9. Clocks and Resets x
17.6.9.1. Clock Structure 17.6.9.2. Clock Gating for EEE 17.6.9.3. Reset
17.6.9.3. Reset x
17.6.9.3.1. Taking the Ethernet MAC Out of Reset
17.7. Ethernet MAC Programming Model x
17.7.1. System Level EMAC Configuration Registers 17.7.2. EMAC FPGA Interface Initialization 17.7.3. EMAC HPS Interface Initialization 17.7.4. DMA Initialization 17.7.5. EMAC Initialization and Configuration 17.7.6. Performing Normal Receive and Transmit Operation 17.7.7. Stopping and Starting Transmission 17.7.8. Programming Guidelines for Energy Efficient Ethernet 17.7.9. Programming Guidelines for Flexible Pulse-Per-Second (PPS) Output
17.7.8. Programming Guidelines for Energy Efficient Ethernet x
17.7.8.1. Entering and Exiting the TX LPI Mode 17.7.8.2. Gating Off the CSR Clock in the LPI Mode
17.7.8.2. Gating Off the CSR Clock in the LPI Mode x
17.7.8.2.1. Gating Off the CSR Clock in the RX LPI Mode 17.7.8.2.2. Gating Off the CSR Clock in the TX LPI Mode
17.7.9. Programming Guidelines for Flexible Pulse-Per-Second (PPS) Output x
17.7.9.1. Generating a Single Pulse on PPS 17.7.9.2. Generating a Pulse Train on PPS 17.7.9.3. Generating an Interrupt without Affecting the PPS
18. USB 2.0 OTG Controller x
18.1. Features of the USB OTG Controller 18.2. Block Diagram and System Integration 18.3. Distributed Virtual Memory Support 18.4. USB 2.0 ULPI PHY Signal Description 18.5. Functional Description of the USB OTG Controller 18.6. USB OTG Controller Programming Model 18.7. USB 2.0 OTG Controller Address Map and Register Definitions
18.1. Features of the USB OTG Controller x
18.1.1. Supported PHYs
18.5. Functional Description of the USB OTG Controller x
18.5.1. USB OTG Controller Components 18.5.2. Local Memory Buffer 18.5.3. Clocks 18.5.4. Resets 18.5.5. Interrupts
18.5.1. USB OTG Controller Components x
18.5.1.1. Master Interface 18.5.1.2. Slave Interface 18.5.1.3. Application Interface Unit 18.5.1.4. Packet FIFO Controller 18.5.1.5. SPRAM 18.5.1.6. MAC 18.5.1.7. Wakeup and Power Control 18.5.1.8. PHY Interface Unit 18.5.1.9. DMA
18.5.1.2. Slave Interface x
18.5.1.2.1. Slave Interface CSR Unit
18.5.1.6. MAC x
18.5.1.6.1. USB Transactions 18.5.1.6.2. Host Protocol 18.5.1.6.3. Device Protocol 18.5.1.6.4. OTG Protocol
18.5.3. Clocks x
18.5.3.1. Clock Gating
18.5.4. Resets x
18.5.4.1. Reset Requirements 18.5.4.2. Hardware Reset 18.5.4.3. Software Reset 18.5.4.4. Taking the USB 2.0 OTG Controller Out of Reset
18.6. USB OTG Controller Programming Model x
18.6.1. Enabling SPRAM ECCs 18.6.2. Host Operation 18.6.3. Device Operation
18.6.2. Host Operation x
18.6.2.1. Host Initialization 18.6.2.2. Host Transaction
18.6.3. Device Operation x
18.6.3.1. Device Initialization 18.6.3.2. Device Transaction
18.6.3.2. Device Transaction x
18.6.3.2.1. IN Transactions 18.6.3.2.2. OUT Transactions 18.6.3.2.3. Control Transfers
19. SPI Controller x
19.1. Features of the SPI Controller 19.2. SPI Block Diagram and System Integration 19.3. SPI Controller Signal Description 19.4. Functional Description of the SPI Controller 19.5. SPI Programming Model 19.6. SPI Controller Address Map and Register Definitions
19.2. SPI Block Diagram and System Integration x
19.2.1. SPI Block Diagram
19.3. SPI Controller Signal Description x
19.3.1. Interface to HPS I/O 19.3.2. FPGA Routing
19.4. Functional Description of the SPI Controller x
19.4.1. Protocol Details and Standards Compliance 19.4.2. SPI Controller Overview 19.4.3. Transfer Modes 19.4.4. SPI Master 19.4.5. SPI Slave 19.4.6. Partner Connection Interfaces 19.4.7. DMA Controller Interface 19.4.8. Slave Interface 19.4.9. Clocks and Resets
19.4.2. SPI Controller Overview x
19.4.2.1. Serial Bit-Rate Clocks 19.4.2.2. Transmit and Receive FIFO Buffers 19.4.2.3. SPI Interrupts
19.4.2.1. Serial Bit-Rate Clocks x
19.4.2.1.1. SPI Master Bit-Rate Clock 19.4.2.1.2. SPI Slave Bit-Rate Clock
19.4.3. Transfer Modes x
19.4.3.1. Transmit and Receive 19.4.3.2. Transmit Only 19.4.3.3. Receive Only 19.4.3.4. EEPROM Read
19.4.4. SPI Master x
19.4.4.1. RXD Sample Delay 19.4.4.2. Data Transfers 19.4.4.3. Master SPI and SSP Serial Transfers 19.4.4.4. Master Microwire Serial Transfers
19.4.5. SPI Slave x
19.4.5.1. Slave SPI and SSP Serial Transfers  19.4.5.2. Serial Transfers 19.4.5.3. Glue Logic for Master Port ss_in_n
19.4.6. Partner Connection Interfaces x
19.4.6.1. Motorola SPI Protocol 19.4.6.2. Texas Instruments Synchronous Serial Protocol (SSP) 19.4.6.3. National Semiconductor Microwire Protocol
19.4.8. Slave Interface x
19.4.8.1. Control and Status Register Access 19.4.8.2. Data Register Access
19.4.9. Clocks and Resets x
19.4.9.1. Clock Gating 19.4.9.2. Taking the SPI Controller Out of Reset
19.5. SPI Programming Model x
19.5.1. Master SPI and SSP Serial Transfers 19.5.2. Master Microwire Serial Transfers 19.5.3. Slave SPI and SSP Serial Transfers 19.5.4. Slave Microwire Serial Transfers 19.5.5. Software Control for Slave Selection 19.5.6. DMA Controller Operation
19.5.5. Software Control for Slave Selection x
19.5.5.1. Example: Slave Selection Software Flow for SPI Master 19.5.5.2. Example: Slave Selection Software Flow for SPI Slave
19.5.6. DMA Controller Operation x
19.5.6.1. Transmit FIFO Buffer Underflow 19.5.6.2. Transmit FIFO Watermark 19.5.6.3. Transmit FIFO Buffer Overflow 19.5.6.4. Receive FIFO Buffer Overflow 19.5.6.5. Choosing Receive Watermark Level 19.5.6.6. Receive FIFO Buffer Underflow
19.5.6.2. Transmit FIFO Watermark x
19.5.6.2.1. Example 1: Transmit FIFO Watermark Level = 64 19.5.6.2.2. Example 2: Transmit FIFO Watermark Level = 192
20. I2C Controller x
20.1. Features of the I2C Controller 20.2. I2C Controller Block Diagram and System Integration 20.3. I2C Controller Signal Description 20.4. Functional Description of the I2C Controller 20.5. I2C Controller Programming Model 20.6. I2C Controller Address Map and Register Definitions
20.4. Functional Description of the I2C Controller x
20.4.1. Feature Usage 20.4.2. Behavior 20.4.3. Protocol Details 20.4.4. Multiple Master Arbitration 20.4.5. Clock Frequency Configuration 20.4.6. SDA Hold Time 20.4.7. DMA Controller Interface 20.4.8. Clocks 20.4.9. Resets
20.4.2. Behavior x
20.4.2.1. START and STOP Generation 20.4.2.2. Combined Formats
20.4.3. Protocol Details x
20.4.3.1. START and STOP Conditions 20.4.3.2. Addressing Slave Protocol 20.4.3.3. Transmitting and Receiving Protocol 20.4.3.4. START BYTE Transfer Protocol
20.4.3.2. Addressing Slave Protocol x
20.4.3.2.1. 7-Bit Address Format 20.4.3.2.2. 10-Bit Address Format
20.4.3.3. Transmitting and Receiving Protocol x
20.4.3.3.1. Master-Transmitter and Slave-Receiver 20.4.3.3.2. Master-Receiver and Slave-Transmitter
20.4.4. Multiple Master Arbitration x
20.4.4.1. Clock Synchronization
20.4.5. Clock Frequency Configuration x
20.4.5.1. Minimum High and Low Counts
20.4.5.1. Minimum High and Low Counts x
20.4.5.1.1. Calculating High and Low Counts
20.4.9. Resets x
20.4.9.1. Taking the I2C Controller Out of Reset
20.5. I2C Controller Programming Model x
20.5.1. Slave Mode Operation 20.5.2. Master Mode Operation 20.5.3. Disabling the I2C Controller 20.5.4. Abort Transfer 20.5.5. DMA Controller Operation
20.5.1. Slave Mode Operation x
20.5.1.1. Initial Configuration 20.5.1.2. Slave-Transmitter Operation for a Single Byte 20.5.1.3. Slave-Receiver Operation for a Single Byte 20.5.1.4. Slave-Transfer Operation for Bulk Transfers 20.5.1.5. Slave Programming Model
20.5.2. Master Mode Operation x
20.5.2.1. Initial Configuration 20.5.2.2. Dynamic IC_TAR or IC_10BITADDR_MASTER Update 20.5.2.3. Master Transmit and Master Receive 20.5.2.4. Master Programming Model
20.5.5. DMA Controller Operation x
20.5.5.1. Transmit FIFO Underflow 20.5.5.2. Transmit Watermark Level 20.5.5.3. Transmit FIFO Overflow 20.5.5.4. Receive FIFO Overflow 20.5.5.5. Receive Watermark Level 20.5.5.6. Receive FIFO Underflow
21. UART Controller x
21.1. UART Controller Features 21.2. UART Controller Block Diagram and System Integration 21.3. UART Controller Signal Description 21.4. Functional Description of the UART Controller 21.5. DMA Controller Operation 21.6. UART Controller Address Map and Register Definitions
21.4. Functional Description of the UART Controller x
21.4.1. FIFO Buffer Support 21.4.2. UART(RS232) Serial Protocol 21.4.3. Automatic Flow Control 21.4.4. Clocks 21.4.5. Resets 21.4.6. Interrupts
21.4.3. Automatic Flow Control x
21.4.3.1. RTC Flow Control Trigger 21.4.3.2. Automatic RTS mode 21.4.3.3. Automatic CTS mode
21.4.5. Resets x
21.4.5.1. Taking the UART Controller Out of Reset
21.4.6. Interrupts x
21.4.6.1. Programmable THRE Interrupt
21.5. DMA Controller Operation x
21.5.1. Transmit FIFO Underflow 21.5.2. Transmit Watermark Level 21.5.3. Transmit FIFO Overflow 21.5.4. Receive FIFO Overflow 21.5.5. Receive Watermark Level 21.5.6. Receive FIFO Underflow
21.5.2. Transmit Watermark Level x
21.5.2.1. IIR_FCR.TET = 1 21.5.2.2. IIR_FCR.TET = 3
22. General-Purpose I/O Interface x
22.1. Features of the GPIO Interface 22.2. GPIO Interface Block Diagram and System Integration 22.3. GPIO Interface Signal Description 22.4. Functional Description of the GPIO Interface 22.5. GPIO Interface Programming Model 22.6. General-Purpose I/O Interface Address Map and Register Definitions
22.4. Functional Description of the GPIO Interface x
22.4.1. Debounce Operation 22.4.2. Pin Directions 22.4.3. Taking the GPIO Interface Out of Reset
23. Timers x
23.1. Features of the Timers 23.2. Timers Block Diagram and System Integration 23.3. Functional Description of the Timers 23.4. Timers Programming Model 23.5. Timers Address Map and Register Definitions
23.3. Functional Description of the Timers x
23.3.1. Clocks 23.3.2. Resets 23.3.3. Interrupts
23.4. Timers Programming Model x
23.4.1. Initialization 23.4.2. Enabling the Timers 23.4.3. Disabling the Timers 23.4.4. Loading the Timers Countdown Value 23.4.5. Servicing Interrupts
23.4.5. Servicing Interrupts x
23.4.5.1. Clearing the Interrupt 23.4.5.2. Checking the Interrupt Status 23.4.5.3. Masking the Interrupt
24. Watchdog Timers x
24.1. Features of the Watchdog Timers 24.2. Watchdog Timers Block Diagram and System Integration 24.3. Functional Description of the Watchdog Timers 24.4. Watchdog Timers Programming Model 24.5. Watchdog Timers Address Map and Register Definitions
24.3. Functional Description of the Watchdog Timers x
24.3.1. Watchdog Timers Counter 24.3.2. Watchdog Timers Pause Mode 24.3.3. Watchdog Timers Clocks 24.3.4. Watchdog Timers Resets
24.4. Watchdog Timers Programming Model x
24.4.1. Setting the Timeout Period Values 24.4.2. Selecting the Output Response Mode 24.4.3. Enabling and Initially Starting a Watchdog Timers 24.4.4. Reloading a Watchdog Counter 24.4.5. Pausing a Watchdog Timers 24.4.6. Disabling and Stopping a Watchdog Timers 24.4.7. Watchdog Timers State Machine
25. CoreSight Debug and Trace x
25.1. Features of CoreSight Debug and Trace 25.2. ARM® CoreSight Documentation 25.3. CoreSight Debug and Trace Block Diagram 25.4. Functional Description of CoreSight Debug and Trace 25.5. CoreSight Debug and Trace Programming Model 25.6. CoreSight Debug and Trace Address Map and Register Definitions
25.4. Functional Description of CoreSight Debug and Trace x
25.4.1. Debug Access Port 25.4.2. CoreSight SoC-400 Timestamp Generator 25.4.3. System Trace Macrocell 25.4.4. Trace Funnel 25.4.5. CoreSight Trace Memory Controller 25.4.6. AMBA Trace Bus Replicator 25.4.7. Trace Port Interface Unit 25.4.8. NoC Trace Ports 25.4.9. Embedded Cross Trigger System 25.4.10. Embedded Trace Macrocell 25.4.11. HPS Debug APB Interface 25.4.12. FPGA Interface 25.4.13. Debug Clocks 25.4.14. Debug Resets
25.4.1. Debug Access Port x
25.4.1.1. JTAG Interface Options
25.4.5. CoreSight Trace Memory Controller x
25.4.5.1. Embedded Trace FIFO 25.4.5.2. Embedded Trace Router
25.4.5.2. Embedded Trace Router x
25.4.5.2.1. Distributed Virtual Memory Support
25.4.9. Embedded Cross Trigger System x
25.4.9.1. Cross Trigger Interface 25.4.9.2. Cross Trigger Matrix
25.4.12. FPGA Interface x
25.4.12.1. DAP 25.4.12.2. STM 25.4.12.3. FPGA-CTI 25.4.12.4. TPIU
25.5. CoreSight Debug and Trace Programming Model x
25.5.1. CoreSight Component Address 25.5.2. CTI Trigger Connections to Outside the Debug System 25.5.3. Configuring Embedded Cross-Trigger Connections
25.5.2. CTI Trigger Connections to Outside the Debug System x
25.5.2.1. CTI 25.5.2.2. FPGA-CTI 25.5.2.3. L3-CTI
25.5.3. Configuring Embedded Cross-Trigger Connections x
25.5.3.1. Configuring Trigger Input 0 25.5.3.2. Triggering a Flush of Trace Data to the TPIU 25.5.3.3. Triggering an STM message 25.5.3.4. Triggering a Breakpoint on CPU 1
A. Booting and Configuration x
A.1. FPGA Configuration First Mode Overview A.2. HPS Boot First Mode Overview A.3. Device Response to External Configuration and Reset Events
B. Accessing the Secure Device Manager Quad SPI Flash Controller through HPS x
B.1. Features of the Quad SPI Flash Controller B.2. Taking Ownership of Quad SPI Controller B.3. Quad SPI Flash Controller Block Diagram and System Integration B.4. Quad SPI Flash Controller Signal Description B.5. Functional Description of the Quad SPI Flash Controller B.6. Quad SPI Flash Controller Programming Model B.7. Accessing the SDM Quad SPI Flash Controller Through HPS Address Map and Register Definitions
B.5. Functional Description of the Quad SPI Flash Controller x
B.5.1. Overview B.5.2. Data Slave Interface B.5.3. SPI Legacy Mode B.5.4. Register Slave Interface B.5.5. Local Memory Buffer B.5.6. Arbitration between Direct/Indirect Access Controller and STIG B.5.7. Configuring the Flash Device B.5.8. XIP Mode B.5.9. Write Protection B.5.10. Data Slave Sequential Access Detection B.5.11. Clocks B.5.12. Resets B.5.13. Interrupts
B.5.2. Data Slave Interface x
B.5.2.1. Direct Access Mode B.5.2.2. Indirect Access Mode
B.5.2.1. Direct Access Mode x
B.5.2.1.1. Data Slave Remapping Example B.5.2.1.2. AHB
B.5.2.2. Indirect Access Mode x
B.5.2.2.1. Indirect Read Operation B.5.2.2.2. Indirect Write Operation B.5.2.2.3. Consecutive Reads and Writes
B.5.4. Register Slave Interface x
B.5.4.1. STIG Operation
B.6. Quad SPI Flash Controller Programming Model x
B.6.1. Setting Up the Quad SPI Flash Controller B.6.2. Indirect Read Operation B.6.3. Indirect Write Operation B.6.4. XIP Mode Operations
B.6.4. XIP Mode Operations x
B.6.4.1. Entering XIP Mode B.6.4.2. Exiting XIP Mode B.6.4.3. XIP Mode at Power on Reset
B.6.4.1. Entering XIP Mode x
B.6.4.1.1. Micron Quad SPI Flash Devices with Support for Basic-XIP B.6.4.1.2. Micron Quad SPI Flash Devices without Support for Basic-XIP B.6.4.1.3. Winbond Quad SPI Flash Devices B.6.4.1.4. Spansion Quad SPI Flash Devices
1. Intel® Agilex™ Hard Processor System Technical Reference Manual Revision History
2. Introduction to the Hard Processor System
3. Cortex-A53 MPCore Processor
4. Cache Coherency Unit
5. System Memory Management Unit
6. System Interconnect
7. Bridges
8. DMA Controller
9. On-Chip RAM
10. Error Checking and Correction Controller
11. Clock Manager
12. System Manager
13. Reset Manager
14. Hard Processor System I/O Pin Multiplexing
15. NAND Flash Controller
16. SD/MMC Controller
17. Ethernet Media Access Controller
18. USB 2.0 OTG Controller
19. SPI Controller
20. I2C Controller
21. UART Controller
22. General-Purpose I/O Interface
23. Timers
24. Watchdog Timers
25. CoreSight Debug and Trace
A. Booting and Configuration
B. Accessing the Secure Device Manager Quad SPI Flash Controller through HPS

15.4.10.6. Preserving Bad Block Markers

When flash device manufacturers test their devices at the time of manufacture, they mark any bad device blocks that are found. Each bad block is marked at specific, known offsets, typically at the base of the spare area. A bad block marker is any byte value other than 0xFF (the normal state of erased flash).

Bad block markers can be overwritten by the last sector data in a page when ECC is enabled. This happens because the NAND flash controller also uses the main area of a page to store ECC information, which causes the last sector to spill over into the spare area. It is necessary for the system to preserve the bad block information prior to writing data, to ensure the correct identification of bad blocks in the flash device.

You can configure the NAND flash controller to skip over a specified number of bytes when it writes the last sector in a page to the spare area. This option allows the flash controller to preserve bad block markers. To use this option, write the desired offset to the spare_area_skip_bytes register in the config group. For example, if the device page size is 2 KB, and the device manufacturer stores the bad block markers in the first two bytes in the spare area, set the spare_area_skip_bytes register to 2. When the flash controller writes the last sector of the page that overlaps with the spare area, it starts at offset 2 in the spare area, skipping the bad block marker at offset 0. A value of 0 (default) specifies that no bytes are skipped. The value of spare_area_skip_bytes must be an even number. For example, if the bad block marker is a single byte, set spare_area_skip_bytes to 2.

In main area transfer mode, the NAND flash controller does not skip the bad block marker. Instead, it overrides the bad block marker with the value programmed in the spare_area_marker register in the config group. This 8‑bit register is used in conjunction with the spare_area_skip_bytes register in the config group to determine which bytes in the spare area of a page should be written with a the new marker value. For example, to mark a block as good set the spare_area_marker register to 0xFF and set the spare_area_skip_bytes register to the number of bytes that the marker should be written to, starting from the base of the spare area.

In the spare area transfer mode, the NAND flash controller ignores the spare_area_skip_bytes and spare_area_marker registers. The flash controller transfers the data exactly as received from the host or device.

In the main+spare area transfer mode, the NAND flash controller starts writing the last sector in a page into the spare area, starting at the offset specified in the spare_area_skip_bytes register. However, the area containing the bad block identifier information is overwritten by the data the host writes into the page. The host writes both the data sectors and the bad block markers. The flash controller depends on the host software to set up the bad block markers properly before writing the data.

Figure 40. Bad Block MarkerThe following figure shows an example of how the NAND flash controller can skip over a bad block marker. In this example, the flash device has a 2‑KB page with a 64‑byte spare area. A 14‑byte sector ECC is shown, with 8 byte per sector correction.
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