L- and H-Tile Avalon® Streaming and Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) Intel® FPGA IP for PCI Express* User Guide

ID 683111
Date 10/27/2023
Public

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9. Testbench and Design Example

This chapter introduces the Endpoint design example including a testbench, BFM, and a test driver module. You can create this design example using design flows described in Quick Start Guide.

Note: A Root Port design example is not available for the Intel® Stratix® 10 Avalon® Streaming (Avalon-ST) IP for PCIe in the current Intel® Quartus® Prime release.

This testbench simulates up to x8 variants. It supports x16 variants by down-training to x8. To simulate all lanes of a x16 variant, you can create a simulation model in Platform Designer to use in an Avery testbench. For more information refer to AN-811: Using the Avery BFM for PCI Express x16 Simulation on Intel Stratix 10 Devices.

This testbench simulates up to x8 variants. It supports x16 variants by down-training to x8. To simulate all lanes of a x16 variant, you can create a simulation model in Platform Designer to use in an Avery testbench. For more information refer to AN-811: Using the Avery BFM for PCI Express x16 Simulation on Intel Stratix 10 Devices.

When configured as an Endpoint variation, the testbench instantiates a design example and a Root Port BFM which provides the following functions:

  • A configuration routine that sets up all the basic configuration registers in the Endpoint. This configuration allows the Endpoint application to be the target and initiator of PCI Express transactions.
  • A Verilog HDL procedure interface to initiate PCI Express* transactions to the Endpoint.

This testbench simulates a single Endpoint DUT.

The testbench uses a test driver module, altpcietb_bfm_rp_<gen>_x8.sv, to exercise the target memory. At startup, the test driver module displays information from the Root Port Configuration Space registers, so that you can correlate to the parameters you specified using the parameter editor.

Note: The Intel testbench and Root Port BFM provide a simple method to do basic testing of the Application Layer logic that interfaces to the variation. This BFM allows you to create and run simple task stimuli with configurable parameters to exercise basic functionality of the Intel example design. The testbench and Root Port BFM are not intended to be a substitute for a full verification environment. Corner cases and certain traffic profile stimuli are not covered. Refer to the items listed below for further details. To ensure the best verification coverage possible, Intel suggests strongly that you obtain commercially available PCI Express* verification IP and tools, or do your own extensive hardware testing or both.

Your Application Layer design may need to handle at least the following scenarios that are not possible to create with the Intel testbench and the Root Port BFM:

  • It is unable to generate or receive Vendor Defined Messages. Some systems generate Vendor Defined Messages. Consequently, you must design the Application Layer to process them. The Hard IP block passes these messages on to the Application Layer which, in most cases should ignore them.
  • It can only handle received read requests that are less than or equal to the currently set Maximum payload size option specified under PCI Express/PCI Capabilities heading under the Device tab using the parameter editor. Many systems are capable of handling larger read requests that are then returned in multiple completions.
  • It always returns a single completion for every read request. Some systems split completions on every 64-byte address boundary.
  • It always returns completions in the same order the read requests were issued. Some systems generate the completions out-of-order.
  • It is unable to generate zero-length read requests that some systems generate as flush requests following some write transactions. The Application Layer must be capable of generating the completions to the zero length read requests.
  • It uses fixed credit allocation.
  • It does not support parity.
  • It does not support multi-function designs.