Video and Vision Processing Suite Intel® FPGA IP User Guide

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ID 683329
Date 5/08/2024
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite 2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs 3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description 4. Video and Vision Processing IP Interfaces 5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers 6. Video and Vision Processing IPs Software Programming Model 7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP 8. 1D LUT Intel® FPGA IP 9. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP 10. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP 11. Bits per Color Sample Adapter Intel FPGA IP 12. Black Level Correction Intel® FPGA IP 13. Black Level Statistics Intel® FPGA IP 14. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP 15. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP 16. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP 17. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP 18. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP 19. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP 20. Color Plane Manager Intel® FPGA IP 21. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP 22. Defective Pixel Correction Intel® FPGA IP 23. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP 24. Demosaic Intel® FPGA IP 25. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP 26. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP 27. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP 28. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP 29. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP 30. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP 31. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP 32. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP 33. Histogram Statistics Intel® FPGA IP 34. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP 35. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP 36. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP 37. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP 38. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP 39. Switch Intel® FPGA IP 40. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP 41. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP 42. Unsharp Mask Intel® FPGA IP 43. Video and Vision Monitor Intel FPGA IP 44. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP 45. Video Frame Reader Intel FPGA IP 46. Video Frame Writer Intel FPGA IP 47. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP 48. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP 49. Vignette Correction Intel® FPGA IP 50. Warp Intel® FPGA IP 51. White Balance Correction Intel® FPGA IP 52. White Balance Statistics Intel® FPGA IP 53. Design Security 54. Document Revision History for Video and Vision Processing Suite User Guide
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite x
1.1. Video and Vision Processing IPs Features 1.2. Device Family Support 1.3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Release Information 1.4. Lite versus Full IP Variants 1.5. Glossary of Video and Vision Terminology
2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs x
2.1. Video and Vision Processing IP Evaluation Time-out Behavior 2.2. Generating a Video and Vision Processing IP 2.3. Simulating the Video and Vision Processing IPs
3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description x
3.1. Auxiliary Control Packets 3.2. Latency 3.3. IP Debugging Features 3.4. Stall Behavior and Error Recovery 3.5. Avalon Streaming Video Protocol Versus Intel FPGA Streaming Video Protocol
5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers x
5.1. Video and Vision Processing IP Control Examples
7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
7.1. About the Protocol Converter IP 7.2. Protocol Converter IP Parameters 7.3. Protocol Converter IP Functional Description 7.4. Protocol Converter IP Interfaces 7.5. Protocol Converter IP Registers 7.6. Protocol Converter IP Software API
7.1. About the Protocol Converter IP x
7.1.1. Protocol Converter IP Performance and Resources
8. 1D LUT Intel® FPGA IP x
8.1. About the 1D LUT IP 8.2. 1D LUT IP Parameters 8.3. 1D LUT IP Interfaces 8.4. 1D LUT IP Registers 8.5. 1D LUT IP Software API
8.1. About the 1D LUT IP x
8.1.1. 1D LUT IP Performance and Resources
9. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP x
9.1. About the 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP 9.2. 3D LUT IP Parameters 9.3. 3D LUT IP Block Description 9.4. 3D LUT IP Registers 9.5. 3D LUT IP Software API
9.1. About the 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP x
9.1.1. 3D LUT IP Features 9.1.2. 3D LUT IP Performance IP and Resource Information
9.3. 3D LUT IP Block Description x
9.3.1. 3D LUT IP Interfaces 9.3.2. 3D LUT IP Latency
10. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP x
10.1. About the AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP 10.2. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Parameters 10.3. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Interfaces
10.1. About the AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP x
10.1.1. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Features 10.1.2. AXI-Stream Broadcaster IP Performance and Resources
11. Bits per Color Sample Adapter Intel FPGA IP x
11.1. About the Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP 11.2. Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP Parameters 11.3. Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP Interfaces 11.4. Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP Registers 11.5. Bits per Color Sample Adapter Software API
11.1. About the Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP x
11.1.1. Bits per Color Sample Adapter IP Performance and Resources
12. Black Level Correction Intel® FPGA IP x
12.1. About the Black Level Correction IP 12.2. Black Level Correction IP Parameters 12.3. Black Level Correction IP Functional Description 12.4. Black Level Correction IP Registers 12.5. Black Level Correction IP Software API
12.1. About the Black Level Correction IP x
12.1.1. Black Level Correction IP Performance and Resources
12.3. Black Level Correction IP Functional Description x
12.3.1. Black Level Correction IP Interfaces
13. Black Level Statistics Intel® FPGA IP x
13.1. About the Black Level Statistics IP 13.2. Black Level Statistics IP Parameters 13.3. Black Level Statistics IP Interfaces 13.4. Black Level Statistics IP Registers 13.5. Black Level Statistics IP Software API
13.1. About the Black Level Statistics IP x
13.1.1. Black Level Statistics IP Performance and Resources
14. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP x
14.1. About the Chroma Key IP 14.2. Chroma Key IP Parameters 14.3. Chroma Key IP Interfaces 14.4. Chroma Key Replacement 14.5. Chroma Key IP Registers 14.6. Chroma Key IP Software API
14.1. About the Chroma Key IP x
14.1.1. Chroma Key IP Performance and Resources
15. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP x
15.1. About the Chroma Resampler IP 15.2. Chroma Resampler IP Parameters 15.3. Chroma Resampler IP Functional Description 15.4. Chroma Resampler IP Registers 15.5. Chroma Resampler IP Software API
15.1. About the Chroma Resampler IP x
15.1.1. Chroma Resampler Performance and Resources
15.3. Chroma Resampler IP Functional Description x
15.3.1. Chroma Resampler IP Interfaces
16. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP x
16.1. About the Clipper IP 16.2. Clipper IP Parameters 16.3. Clipper IP Interfaces 16.4. Clipper IP Registers 16.5. Clipper IP Software API
16.1. About the Clipper IP x
16.1.1. Clipper IP Performance and Resources
17. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP x
17.1. About the Clocked Video Input IP 17.2. Initializing the Clocked Video Input IP 17.3. Clocked Video Input IP Parameters 17.4. Clocked Video Input IP Interfaces 17.5. Clocked Video Input IP Registers 17.6. Clocked Video Input IP Software API
17.1. About the Clocked Video Input IP x
17.1.1. Clocked Video Input IP Features 17.1.2. Clocked Video Input IP Performance and Resources
18. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
18.1. About the Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter IP 18.2. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Parameters 18.3. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Block Description 18.4. Clocked Video Converter to Full-Raster IP Registers
18.1. About the Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter IP x
18.1.1. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Features 18.1.2. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Performance and Resources
18.3. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Block Description x
18.3.1. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Interfaces
19. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP x
19.1. About the Clocked Video Output IP 19.2. Clocked Video Output IP Parameters 19.3. Clocked Video Output IP Functional Description 19.4. Clocked Video Output IP Interfaces 19.5. Clocked Video Output IP Registers 19.6. Clocked Video Output IP Software API
19.1. About the Clocked Video Output IP x
19.1.1. Clocked Video Output IP Performance and Resources 19.1.2. Clocked Video Output IP Features
20. Color Plane Manager Intel® FPGA IP x
20.1. About the Color Plane Manager IP 20.2. Color Plane Manager IP Parameters 20.3. Color Plane Manager IP Functional Description 20.4. Color Plane Manager IP Registers 20.5. Color Plane Manager Software API
20.1. About the Color Plane Manager IP x
20.1.1. Color Plane Manager IP Performance and Resources
20.3. Color Plane Manager IP Functional Description x
20.3.1. Color Plane Manager IP Interfaces
21. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
21.1. About the Color Space Converter IP 21.2. Color Space Converter IP Parameters 21.3. Color Space Converter IP Functional Description 21.4. Color Space Converter IP Registers 21.5. Color Space Converter IP Software API
21.1. About the Color Space Converter IP x
21.1.1. Color Space Converter IP Features 21.1.2. Color Space Converter IP Performance and Resources
21.3. Color Space Converter IP Functional Description x
21.3.1. Color Space Converter IP Interfaces
22. Defective Pixel Correction Intel® FPGA IP x
22.1. About the Defective Pixel Correction IP 22.2. Defective Pixel Correction IP Parameters 22.3. Defective Pixel Correction IP Functional Description 22.4. Defective Pixel Correction IP Registers 22.5. Defective Pixel Correction IP Software API
22.1. About the Defective Pixel Correction IP x
22.1.1. Defective Pixel Correction IP Performance and Resources
22.3. Defective Pixel Correction IP Functional Description x
22.3.1. Defective Pixel Correction IP Interfaces
23. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP x
23.1. About the Deinterlacer IP 23.2. Deinterlacer Parameters 23.3. Deinterlacer Interfaces 23.4. Deinterlacer IP Registers 23.5. Deinterlacer IP Software API
23.1. About the Deinterlacer IP x
23.1.1. Deinterlacer Performance and Resources
24. Demosaic Intel® FPGA IP x
24.1. About the Demosaic IP 24.2. Demosaic IP Parameters 24.3. Demosaic IP Functional Description 24.4. Demosaic IP Registers 24.5. Demosaic IP Software API
24.1. About the Demosaic IP x
24.1.1. Demosaic IP Performance and Resources
24.3. Demosaic IP Functional Description x
24.3.1. Demosaic IP Interfaces
25. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP x
25.1. About the FIR Filter 25.2. FIR Filter Parameters 25.3. FIR Filter IP Operation 25.4. FIR Filter Interfaces 25.5. FIR Filter Registers 25.6. FIR Filter IP Software API
25.1. About the FIR Filter x
25.1.1. FIR Filter IP Performance and Resources
25.3. FIR Filter IP Operation x
25.3.1. FIR Filter Processing 25.3.2. FIR Filter Precision 25.3.3. FIR Coefficient Specification 25.3.4. FIR Filter Symmetry 25.3.5. Result to Output Data Type Conversion
25.3.4. FIR Filter Symmetry x
25.3.4.1. No Symmetry 25.3.4.2. Horizontal Symmetry 25.3.4.3. Vertical Symmetry 25.3.4.4. Horizontal and Vertical Symmetry 25.3.4.5. Diagonal Symmetry
26. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP x
26.1. About the Frame Cleaner IP 26.2. Frame Cleaner IP Parameters 26.3. Frame Cleaner IP Functional Description 26.4. Frame Cleaner IP Interfaces 26.5. Frame Cleaner IP Registers 26.6. Frame Cleaner IP Software API
26.1. About the Frame Cleaner IP x
26.1.1. Frame Cleaner IP Performance and Resources
27. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
27.1. About the Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter 27.2. Full Raster to Clocked Video Converter Parameters 27.3. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Block Description 27.4. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Registers
27.1. About the Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter x
27.1.1. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Features 27.1.2. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Performance and Resource Utilization
27.3. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Block Description x
27.3.1. Full Raster to Clocked Video Converter Interfaces
28. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
28.1. About the Full-Raster to Streaming Converter IP 28.2. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Parameters 28.3. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Block Description
28.1. About the Full-Raster to Streaming Converter IP x
28.1.1. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Features 28.1.2. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Performance and Resources
28.3. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Block Description x
28.3.1. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Interfaces
29. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP x
29.1. About the Genlock Controller IP 29.2. Genlock Controller IP Parameters 29.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description 29.4. Using Genlock Controller IP Software 29.5. Genlock Controller IP Registers 29.6. Genlock Controller IP Software API
29.1. About the Genlock Controller IP x
29.1.1. Genlock Controller IP Performance and Resources
29.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description x
PID Controller 29.3.1. Genlock Controller IP Interfaces
29.4. Using Genlock Controller IP Software x
29.4.1. Achieving Genlock Controller Free Running (for Initialization or from Lock to Reference Clock N) 29.4.2. Locking to Reference Clock N (from Genlock Controller IP free running) 29.4.3. Setting the VCXO hold over 29.4.4. Restarting the Genlock Controller IP 29.4.5. Locking to Reference Clock N New (from Locking to Reference Clock N Old) 29.4.6. Changing to Reference Clock or VCXO Base Frequencies (switch between p50 and p59.94 video formats and vice-versa) 29.4.7. Disturbing a Reference Clock (a cable pull)
30. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP x
30.1. About the Generic Crosspoint IP 30.2. Generic Crosspoint IP Parameters 30.3. Generic Crosspoint IP Interfaces 30.4. Generic Crosspoint IP Registers 30.5. Generic Crosspoint IP Software API
30.1. About the Generic Crosspoint IP x
30.1.1. Generic Crosspoint IP Features 30.1.2. Generic Crosspoint Performance and Resources
31. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP x
31.1. About the Genlock Signal Router IP 31.2. Genlock Signal Router IP Parameters 31.3. Genlock Signal Router IP Interfaces 31.4. Genlock Signal Router IP Registers 31.5. Genlock Signal Router IP Software API
31.1. About the Genlock Signal Router IP x
31.1.1. Genlock Signal Router IP Features 31.1.2. Genlock Signal Router IP Performance and Resources
32. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP x
32.1. About the Guard Bands IP 32.2. Guard Bands IP Parameters 32.3. Guard Bands IP Interfaces 32.4. Guard Bands IP Registers 32.5. Guard Bands IP Software API
32.1. About the Guard Bands IP x
32.1.1. Guard Bands IP Performance and Resources
33. Histogram Statistics Intel® FPGA IP x
33.1. About the Histogram Statistics IP 33.2. Histogram Statistics IP Parameters 33.3. Histogram Statistics IP Interfaces 33.4. Histogram Statistics IP Registers 33.5. Histogram Statistics IP Software API
33.1. About the Histogram Statistics IP x
33.1.1. Histogram Statistics IP Performance and Resources
34. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP x
34.1. About the Interlacer IP 34.2. Interlacer IP Parameters 34.3. Interlacer IP Functional Description 34.4. Interlacer IP Registers 34.5. Interlacer IP Software API
34.1. About the Interlacer IP x
34.1.1. Interlacer IP Performance and Resources
34.3. Interlacer IP Functional Description x
34.3.1. Interlacer IP Interfaces
35. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP x
35.1. About the Mixer IP 35.2. Mixer IP Parameters 35.3. Mixer IP Functional Description 35.4. Mixer IP Registers 35.5. Mixer IP Software API
35.1. About the Mixer IP x
35.1.1. Mixer IP Performance and Resources
35.3. Mixer IP Functional Description x
35.3.1. Mixer IP Interfaces
36. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP x
36.1. About the Pixels in Parallel Converter IP 36.2. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Parameters 36.3. Pixels in Parallel Converter Interfaces 36.4. Pixels in Parallel Converter Registers 36.5. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Software API
36.1. About the Pixels in Parallel Converter IP x
36.1.1. Pixels in Parallel Converter IP Performance and Resources
37. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP x
37.1. About the Scaler 37.2. Scaler IP Parameters 37.3. Scaler IP Functional Description 37.4. Scaler IP Registers 37.5. Scaler IP Software API
37.1. About the Scaler x
37.1.1. Scaler IP Performance and Resources
37.2. Scaler IP Parameters x
37.2.1. Scaler Maximum Resolution
37.3. Scaler IP Functional Description x
37.3.1. Coefficient Selection 37.3.2. Coefficient Quantization 37.3.3. Filter Behavior at Edge Boundaries 37.3.4. Partial Frame Scaling 37.3.5. 422 and 420 Chroma Sampled Data Scaling 37.3.6. Scaler IP Interfaces
37.3.1. Coefficient Selection x
37.3.1.1. Updating Scaler IP Runtime Coefficients
38. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP x
38.1. About the Stream Cleaner IP 38.2. Stream Cleaner IP Parameters 38.3. Stream Cleaner IP Functional Description
38.1. About the Stream Cleaner IP x
38.1.1. Stream Cleaner IP Performance and Resources
38.3. Stream Cleaner IP Functional Description x
38.3.1. Stream Cleaner IP Interfaces
39. Switch Intel® FPGA IP x
39.1. About the Switch IP 39.2. Switch IP Parameters 39.3. Switch IP Functional Description 39.4. Switch IP Registers 39.5. Switch IP Software API
39.1. About the Switch IP x
39.1.1. Switch IP Performance and Resources
39.3. Switch IP Functional Description x
39.3.1. Switch IP Latency 39.3.2. Switch IP Interfaces
40. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP x
40.1. About the Tone Mapping Operator IP 40.2. TMO IP Parameters 40.3. TMO IP Block Description 40.4. TMO IP Registers 40.5. TMO IP Software API
40.1. About the Tone Mapping Operator IP x
40.1.1. TMO IP Features 40.1.2. TMO IP Performance and Resource Utilization
40.3. TMO IP Block Description x
40.3.1. TMO IP Interfaces 40.3.2. TMO IP Latency
41. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP x
41.1. About the Test Pattern Generator IP 41.2. Test Pattern Generator IP Parameters 41.3. Test Pattern Generator IP Functional Description 41.4. Test Pattern Generator IP Registers 41.5. Test Pattern Generator IP Software API
41.1. About the Test Pattern Generator IP x
41.1.1. Test Pattern Generator IP Performance and Resources
41.3. Test Pattern Generator IP Functional Description x
41.3.1. Test Pattern Generator IP Interfaces
42. Unsharp Mask Intel® FPGA IP x
42.1. About the Unsharp Mask IP 42.2. Unsharp Mask IP Parameters 42.3. Unsharp Mask IP Functional Description 42.4. Unsharp Mask IP Registers 42.5. Unsharp Mask IP Software API
42.1. About the Unsharp Mask IP x
42.1.1. Unsharp Mask IP Performance and Resources
42.3. Unsharp Mask IP Functional Description x
42.3.1. Unsharp Mask IP Interfaces
43. Video and Vision Monitor Intel FPGA IP x
43.1. About the Video and Vision Monitor IP 43.2. Video and Vision Monitor IP Parameters 43.3. Video and Vision Monitor IP Functional Description 43.4. Video and Vision Monitor IP Registers 43.5. Video and Vision Monitor Software API
43.1. About the Video and Vision Monitor IP x
43.1.1. Video and Vision Monitor IP Performance and Resources
43.3. Video and Vision Monitor IP Functional Description x
43.3.1. Video and Vision Monitor IP Interfaces
44. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP x
44.1. About the Video Frame Buffer IP 44.2. Video Frame Buffer IP Parameters 44.3. Video Frame Buffer IP Functional Description 44.4. Video Frame Buffer IP Registers 44.5. Video Frame Buffer IP Software API
44.1. About the Video Frame Buffer IP x
44.1.1. Video Frame Buffer Performance and Resources
44.3. Video Frame Buffer IP Functional Description x
44.3.1. Video Frame Buffer IP Interfaces
45. Video Frame Reader Intel FPGA IP x
45.1. About the Video Frame Reader IP 45.2. Video Frame Reader IP Parameters 45.3. Video Frame Reader IP Functional Description 45.4. Video Frame Reader IP Registers 45.5. Video Frame Reader IP Software API
45.1. About the Video Frame Reader IP x
45.1.1. Video Frame Reader IP Performance and Resources
45.3. Video Frame Reader IP Functional Description x
45.3.1. Video Frame Reader IP Interfaces
46. Video Frame Writer Intel FPGA IP x
46.1. About the Video Buffer Writer IP 46.2. Video Frame Writer IP Parameters 46.3. Video Frame Writer IP Functional Description 46.4. Video Frame Writer IP Registers 46.5. Video Frame Writer IP Software API
46.1. About the Video Buffer Writer IP x
46.1.1. Video Frame Writer IP Performance and Resources
46.3. Video Frame Writer IP Functional Description x
46.3.1. Video Frame Writer IP Interfaces
47. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP x
47.1. About the Video Streaming FIFO IP 47.2. Video Streaming FIFO IP Parameters 47.3. Video Streaming FIFO IP Interfaces
47.1. About the Video Streaming FIFO IP x
47.1.1. Video Streaming FIFO IP Performance and Resources
48. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP x
48.1. About the Video Timing Generator IP 48.2. Video Timing Generator IP Parameters 48.3. Video Timing Generator IP Functional Description 48.4. Video Timing Generator IP Interfaces 48.5. Video Timing Generator IP Registers 48.6. Video Timing Generator IP Software API
48.1. About the Video Timing Generator IP x
48.1.1. Video Timing Generator IP Features 48.1.2. Video Timing Generator IP Performance and Resources
49. Vignette Correction Intel® FPGA IP x
49.1. About the Vignette Correction IP 49.2. Vignette Correction IP Parameters 49.3. Vignette Correction IP Interfaces 49.4. Vignette Correction IP Registers 49.5. Vignette Correction IP Software API
49.1. About the Vignette Correction IP x
49.1.1. Vignette Correction IP Performance and Resources
50. Warp Intel® FPGA IP x
50.1. About the Warp IP 50.2. Warp IP Parameters 50.3. Warp IP Block Description 50.4. Warp IP Registers 50.5. Warp IP Software API
50.1. About the Warp IP x
50.1.1. Warp IP Features 50.1.2. Warp IP Performance and Resource Utilization
50.3. Warp IP Block Description x
50.3.1. Block Cache Tool 50.3.2. Warp IP Interfaces 50.3.3. Warp IP Latency 50.3.4. External Memory for Warp IP
50.5. Warp IP Software API x
50.5.1. Using Warp IP Software 50.5.2. Warp IP Software Code Examples
51. White Balance Correction Intel® FPGA IP x
51.1. About the White Balance Correction IP 51.2. White Balance Correction IP Parameters 51.3. White Balance Correction IP Functional Description 51.4. White Balance Correction IP Registers 51.5. White Balance Correction IP Software API
51.1. About the White Balance Correction IP x
51.1.1. White Balance Correction IP Performance and Resources
51.3. White Balance Correction IP Functional Description x
51.3.1. White Balance Correction IP Interfaces
52. White Balance Statistics Intel® FPGA IP x
52.1. About the White Balance Statistics IP 52.2. White Balance Statistics IP Parameters 52.3. White Balance Statistics IP Interfaces 52.4. White Balance Statistics IP Registers 52.5. White Balance Statistics IP Software API
52.1. About the White Balance Statistics IP x
52.1.1. White Balance Statistics IP Performance and Resources
53. Design Security x
53.1. Memory Subsystems 53.2. Considering Design Security
1. About the Video and Vision Processing Suite
2. Getting Started with the Video and Vision Processing IPs
3. Video and Vision Processing IPs Functional Description
4. Video and Vision Processing IP Interfaces
5. Video and Vision Processing IP Registers
6. Video and Vision Processing IPs Software Programming Model
7. Protocol Converter Intel® FPGA IP
8. 1D LUT Intel® FPGA IP
9. 3D LUT Intel® FPGA IP
10. AXI-Stream Broadcaster Intel® FPGA IP
11. Bits per Color Sample Adapter Intel FPGA IP
12. Black Level Correction Intel® FPGA IP
13. Black Level Statistics Intel® FPGA IP
14. Chroma Key Intel® FPGA IP
15. Chroma Resampler Intel® FPGA IP
16. Clipper Intel® FPGA IP
17. Clocked Video Input Intel® FPGA IP
18. Clocked Video to Full-Raster Converter Intel® FPGA IP
19. Clocked Video Output Intel® FPGA IP
20. Color Plane Manager Intel® FPGA IP
21. Color Space Converter Intel® FPGA IP
22. Defective Pixel Correction Intel® FPGA IP
23. Deinterlacer Intel® FPGA IP
24. Demosaic Intel® FPGA IP
25. FIR Filter Intel® FPGA IP
26. Frame Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP
27. Full-Raster to Clocked Video Converter Intel® FPGA IP
28. Full-Raster to Streaming Converter Intel® FPGA IP
29. Genlock Controller Intel® FPGA IP
30. Generic Crosspoint Intel® FPGA IP
31. Genlock Signal Router Intel® FPGA IP
32. Guard Bands Intel® FPGA IP
33. Histogram Statistics Intel® FPGA IP
34. Interlacer Intel® FPGA IP
35. Mixer Intel® FPGA IP
36. Pixels in Parallel Converter Intel® FPGA IP
37. Scaler Intel® FPGA IP
38. Stream Cleaner Intel® FPGA IP
39. Switch Intel® FPGA IP
40. Tone Mapping Operator Intel® FPGA IP
41. Test Pattern Generator Intel® FPGA IP
42. Unsharp Mask Intel® FPGA IP
43. Video and Vision Monitor Intel FPGA IP
44. Video Frame Buffer Intel® FPGA IP
45. Video Frame Reader Intel FPGA IP
46. Video Frame Writer Intel FPGA IP
47. Video Streaming FIFO Intel® FPGA IP
48. Video Timing Generator Intel® FPGA IP
49. Vignette Correction Intel® FPGA IP
50. Warp Intel® FPGA IP
51. White Balance Correction Intel® FPGA IP
52. White Balance Statistics Intel® FPGA IP
53. Design Security
54. Document Revision History for Video and Vision Processing Suite User Guide

29.3. Genlock Controller IP Functional Description

The Genlock Controller IP is a feedback control loop system consisting of a phase frequency detector (PFD), a proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) low pass filter (LPF), a pulse width modulation (PWM) digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a profiler module, and a CPU Interface.
Figure 82. Genlock Controller IP Block DiagramThe figure shows the design's submodules

The PFD measures differences between the VCXO input clock (vcxo_clk) and selected reference clock (ref_clk) to produce an error value e(t).

The PID LPF receives the error and accumulates it to produce an output control value c(t) that is proportional to the error. This output control value passes into the PWM DAC that converts it to a series of pulses that drives the external VCXO via a simple external resistor-capacitor (RC) network. The rate of pulses determines a voltage level on the VCXO, which changes the VCXO frequency. Therefore, the PFD output error changes as it is based on the new VCXO clock frequency (hence the feedback). The algorithm continues until the IP minimizes the error value.

The IP aims to reduce the error between the VCXO clock and the reference clock to zero indicating that the clocks must be at the same frequency.

The IP includes a profiler module, which allows measuring receive and transmit pixel clock frequency values. The profiler calculates the latency between receive and transmit SOF toggle pulses. It provides a general purpose output (GPO) bus, which you can map to LEDs to visualize the status of the genlock system.

Generally, the control loop operates in Phase mode or Frequency mode.

In Phase mode, the control loop aims to reduce the delta between the VCXO and selected reference clock measurements to remain in sync. In Frequency mode, the control loop aims to reduce the rate of change between the VCXO and selected reference clock measurements.

The choice of mode depends on requiring hard and soft genlock and the input to output video latencies.

The following factors contribute to the configuration parameters you select for your design:

  • VCXO performance (base frequency, sweep range, reaction time)
  • RC performance
  • Nominal differences between VCXO and reference clocks, including ppm tolerances
  • Rate of tracking required
  • Stability (jitter) of reference clocks
  • Additional error, jitter, and frequency changes that PLLs introduce between the VCXO and FPGA

Tuning the control loop must ensure the loop is stable and lock reasonably quickly. You should test your design using CPU programmable features (such as PID gains) to find the best solution.

PID Controller

The PID controller uses three control terms (proportional, integral, and derivative) to achieve an optimal response to a measured input. The IP reads the difference between the reference and VCXO clock frequencies. It generates a corrective output to modulate the VCXO frequency to match that of the reference clock.

The PID controller continuously calculates an error value e(t) as the difference between two free running counters where one runs off the reference clock and the other the VCXO clock. Calculate an output from e(t) using a control function u(t) to minimise e(t) over time. The control function uses PID terms and is:
Equation 1. Control Function
Where:
  • Kp is proportional term which includes a gain factor K. Changes in e(t) cause the proportional effort to react accordingly. No error equates to no proportional effort.
  • Ki denotes the integral term that also includes a gain factor K. The IP integrates e(t) values (post gain) over time. They represent the past historic values of the control effort. The integral stops growing when you eliminate e(t).
  • Kd is the derivative term that can estimate the future trend based on the current rate of change in e(t). Again, it includes a gain factor K.

You must tune the gain values to balance the terms to produce the required step response to the error input. The step response needs to be accurate but also respond timely to achieve lock.

For the genlock controller IP, e(t) is:

e(t) = reference clock counter – vcxo clock counter

It can be positive or negative depending on which clock is faster. It uses 2’s complement maths.

Depending on the ppm differences, e(t) should be of a sufficient value to allow the controller to work using a feedback loop. Consequently, the IP samples e(t) periodically instead of continuously. The period depends on many factors like ppm differences, VCXO reaction time, and lock time.

For the proportional gain, high values produce a large change on the output for a given change to e(t). These high values can cause large over and under shoots of the ideal output value and the control loop can become unstable. However, if the gain is too small, the controller can be less responsive and take a long time to achieve lock.

The integral term is the sum of the sampled e(t) (post gain) over time. The IP uses this term to accelerate towards the ideal output value. As with the proportional term, too high gain can cause over and under shoots and too small causes a slow response time.

In this IP, e(t) experiences jitter from both the recovering input clocks and over time because of temperature. Therefore, it never stays at zero and likely drifts or wobbles around. The IP ensures that at this time small changes in e(t) produce small enough changes to the output to ensure accuracy and achieve genlock. But it must not introduce excessive output jitter that may break any standards specifications (such as SDI).


Section Content
Genlock Controller IP Interfaces

Level Two Title