Nios® V Processor Software Developer Handbook

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ID 743810
Date 7/08/2024
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. Overview of Nios® V Embedded Processor Development 2. Getting Started with the Graphical User Interface 3. Getting Started from the Command Line 4. Nios® V Processor Software Development and Implementation 5. Nios® V Processor Board Support Package Editor 6. Overview of the Hardware Abstraction Layer 7. Developing Programs Using the Hardware Abstraction Layer 8. Developing Device Drivers for the Hardware Abstraction Layer 9. Exception Handling 10. Cache and Tightly-Coupled Memory 11. MicroC/OS-II Real-Time Operating System 12. MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack 13. FreeRTOS* Real-Time Operating System 14. Read-Only Zip File System 15. Publishing Component Information to Embedded Software 16. Nios® V Processor Appendix A. Nios® V Processor Software Developer Handbook Archives 17. Revision History for the Nios® V Processor Software Developer Handbook
1. Overview of Nios® V Embedded Processor Development x
1.1. Nios® V Processor Software Development Environment 1.2. Nios® V Processor Software Project Types 1.3. Nios® V Processor Development Tools 1.4. Nios® V Processor Software Programs
1.1. Nios® V Processor Software Development Environment x
1.1.1. Quartus® Prime Software Support
1.3. Nios® V Processor Development Tools x
1.3.1. Nios® V Processor Command Line Utilities Tools 1.3.2. Board Support Package Editor 1.3.3. Ashling* RiscFree* IDE for Intel® FPGAs
1.4. Nios® V Processor Software Programs x
1.4.1. CMakeLists.txt and Nios® V Processor Tools
2. Getting Started with the Graphical User Interface x
2.1. Using Ashling* RiscFree* IDE for Intel® FPGAs 2.2. Using BSP Editor 2.3. Using Quartus Programmer
3. Getting Started from the Command Line x
3.1. Advantages of Command Line Software Development 3.2. Outline of the Nios® V Processor Tools Command Line
3.2. Outline of the Nios® V Processor Tools Command Line x
3.2.1. Command Line Utilities
3.2.1. Command Line Utilities x
3.2.1.1. niosv-bsp 3.2.1.2. niosv-app 3.2.1.3. niosv-download
4. Nios® V Processor Software Development and Implementation x
4.1. Nios® V Processor Tools 4.2. Nios® V Processor Software File Tree 4.3. Nios® V Processor Software Development Flow 4.4. Developing with the Hardware Abstraction Layer
4.1. Nios® V Processor Tools x
4.1.1. Nios® V Processor Tools Overview 4.1.2. Nios® V Processor Software Build Tools
4.1.2. Nios® V Processor Software Build Tools x
4.1.2.1. Nios® V Processor Software Build Tools Graphical User Interface 4.1.2.2. Nios® V Processor Software Build Tools Command Line Interface 4.1.2.3. What the Build Tools Create
4.1.2.1. Nios® V Processor Software Build Tools Graphical User Interface x
4.1.2.1.1. BSP Editor 4.1.2.1.2. Ashling* RiscFree* IDE for Intel FPGAs 4.1.2.1.3. Nios V Command Shell
4.1.2.2. Nios® V Processor Software Build Tools Command Line Interface x
4.1.2.2.1. Nios® V Processor Command Line Utilities 4.1.2.2.2. File Format Conversion Tools 4.1.2.2.3. Other Utilities Tools
4.1.2.3. What the Build Tools Create x
4.1.2.3.1. Applications and Libraries 4.1.2.3.2. Board Support Packages 4.1.2.3.3. CMakeLists.txt
4.2. Nios® V Processor Software File Tree x
4.2.1. Building Single Application and Single BSP 4.2.2. Building Single Application, Single Library, and BSP 4.2.3. Building Multiple Applications and Single BSP 4.2.4. Building BSP Library
4.2.1. Building Single Application and Single BSP x
4.2.1.1. Build Commands 4.2.1.2. File Tree Directory
4.2.2. Building Single Application, Single Library, and BSP x
4.2.2.1. Build Commands 4.2.2.2. File Tree Directory
4.2.3. Building Multiple Applications and Single BSP x
4.2.3.1. Build Commands 4.2.3.2. File Tree Directory
4.2.4. Building BSP Library x
4.2.4.1. Build Commands 4.2.4.2. File Tree Directory
4.3. Nios® V Processor Software Development Flow x
4.3.1. Getting Started 4.3.2. Configuring BSP Projects 4.3.3. Configuring the Application Project 4.3.4. Building and Running Nios® V Processor Software
4.3.2. Configuring BSP Projects x
4.3.2.1. Selecting the Operating System 4.3.2.2. Intel HAL Configuration Tips 4.3.2.3. Micrium MicroC/OS-II Configuration tips 4.3.2.4. Configuring FreeRTOS* 4.3.2.5. Adding Software Package 4.3.2.6. Using Tcl Script with BSP Editor 4.3.2.7. Exporting Tcl Scripts with BSP Editor 4.3.2.8. Importing Tcl Script to Create a New BSP
4.3.3. Configuring the Application Project x
4.3.3.1. Application Configuration Tips 4.3.3.2. Linking User Libraries
4.3.4. Building and Running Nios® V Processor Software x
4.3.4.1. Building the Nios® V Processor Software 4.3.4.2. Downloading and Running the Nios® V Processor Software 4.3.4.3. Nios® V Processor Software Debugging 4.3.4.4. Run Time Stack Checking 4.3.4.5. Ensuring Software Project Coherency
4.3.4.2. Downloading and Running the Nios® V Processor Software x
4.3.4.2.1. Communicating with the Target Device
4.3.4.5. Ensuring Software Project Coherency x
4.3.4.5.1. Recommended Development Practice 4.3.4.5.2. Recommended Architecture Practice
4.4. Developing with the Hardware Abstraction Layer x
4.4.1. Hardware Abstraction Layer Services 4.4.2. System Startup in HAL-based Application 4.4.3. HAL Peripheral Services 4.4.4. Handling Exceptions
4.4.1. Hardware Abstraction Layer Services x
4.4.1.1. HAL Configuration Options 4.4.1.2. Configuring the Boot Environment
4.4.2. System Startup in HAL-based Application x
4.4.2.1. System Initialization 4.4.2.2. crt0 Initialization 4.4.2.3. HAL Initialization
4.4.3. HAL Peripheral Services x
4.4.3.1. Timer Devices 4.4.3.2. Character Mode Devices 4.4.3.3. Flash Memory Devices
4.4.3.1. Timer Devices x
4.4.3.1.1. System Clock Timer 4.4.3.1.2. Timestamp Timer
4.4.3.2. Character Mode Devices x
4.4.3.2.1. stdin, stdout and stderr 4.4.3.2.2. Blocking versus Non-Blocking I/O 4.4.3.2.3. Adding Your Own Character Mode Device
4.4.3.3. Flash Memory Devices x
4.4.3.3.1. Memory Initialization, Querying, and Device Support 4.4.3.3.2. Accessing Flash Memory 4.4.3.3.3. Configuration and Use Limitations 4.4.3.3.4. Direct Memory Access Devices 4.4.3.3.5. Unsupported Devices
4.4.4. Handling Exceptions x
4.4.4.1. Modifying the Exception Handler
5. Nios® V Processor Board Support Package Editor x
5.1. Board Support Packages 5.2. Common BSP Tasks 5.3. Details of BSP Creation 5.4. Tcl Scripts for BSP Settings 5.5. Revising Your BSP 5.6. Specifying BSP Defaults 5.7. Device Drivers and Software Packages 5.8. Boot Configurations for Intel FPGA Embedded Software
5.1. Board Support Packages x
5.1.1. Overview of BSP Creation 5.1.2. Nios® V Processor BSP Components
5.1.2. Nios® V Processor BSP Components x
5.1.2.1. Hardware Abstraction Layer 5.1.2.2. newlib C Standard Library 5.1.2.3. Device Drivers 5.1.2.4. Optional Software Packages 5.1.2.5. Optional Real-Time Operating System
5.2. Common BSP Tasks x
5.2.1. Creating a BSP for an Intel® FPGA Development Board 5.2.2. Adding the BSP Editor to Tool Flow 5.2.3. Linking and Locating 5.2.4. Other BSP Tasks
5.2.2. Adding the BSP Editor to Tool Flow x
5.2.2.1. Using Version Control 5.2.2.2. Copying, Moving, or Renaming a BSP 5.2.2.3. Passing the BSP to Another Developer
5.2.2.1. Using Version Control x
5.2.2.1.1. Creating BSP by Running User-defined Script to Call niosv-bsp 5.2.2.1.2. Creating Script that Uses the Command Line Tools
5.2.3. Linking and Locating x
5.2.3.1. Creating Memory Initialization Files 5.2.3.2. Modifying Linker Memory Regions 5.2.3.3. Creating a Custom Linker Section 5.2.3.4. Changing the Linker Section Mapping
5.2.3.3. Creating a Custom Linker Section x
5.2.3.3.1. Creating a Linker Section for an Existing Region 5.2.3.3.2. Dividing a Linker Region to Create a New Region and Section
5.2.4. Other BSP Tasks x
5.2.4.1. Querying Settings 5.2.4.2. Managing Device Drivers 5.2.4.3. Controlling the stdio Device 5.2.4.4. Configuring Optimization and Debugger Options 5.2.4.5. Configuring RISC-V Compiler
5.3. Details of BSP Creation x
5.3.1. BSP Settings File Creation 5.3.2. BSP Files and Folders 5.3.3. Linker Map Validation 5.3.4. Hierarchical Platform Designer Systems
5.3.2. BSP Files and Folders x
5.3.2.1. Generated and Copied Files 5.3.2.2. BSP Files
5.3.4. Hierarchical Platform Designer Systems x
5.3.4.1. Handling Hierarchical Systems
5.4. Tcl Scripts for BSP Settings x
5.4.1. Calling a Custom BSP Tcl Script
5.4.1. Calling a Custom BSP Tcl Script x
5.4.1.1. Tcl Script to Examine Hardware and Choose Settings
5.5. Revising Your BSP x
5.5.1. Regenerating Your BSP 5.5.2. Updating Your BSP 5.5.3. Recreating Your BSP
5.5.1. Regenerating Your BSP x
5.5.1.1. What Happens 5.5.1.2. When to Regenerate Your BSP
5.5.2. Updating Your BSP x
5.5.2.1. What Happens 5.5.2.2. When to Update Your BSP
5.5.3. Recreating Your BSP x
5.5.3.1. What Happens 5.5.3.2. When to Recreate Your BSP
5.6. Specifying BSP Defaults x
5.6.1. Top Level Tcl Script for BSP Defaults
5.6.1. Top Level Tcl Script for BSP Defaults x
5.6.1.1. Specifying the Default stdio Device 5.6.1.2. Specifying the Default System Timer 5.6.1.3. Specifying the Default Memory Map 5.6.1.4. Specifying the Default Bootloader Parameters 5.6.1.5. Specifying the Default Exception Parameter
5.8. Boot Configurations for Intel FPGA Embedded Software x
5.8.1. Memory Types 5.8.2. Boot from Flash Configuration 5.8.3. Run from Initialized Memory Configuration 5.8.4. Run-time Configurable Reset Configuration
6. Overview of the Hardware Abstraction Layer x
6.1. Getting Started with the Hardware Abstraction Layer 6.2. HAL Architecture for Embedded Software Systems 6.3. Embedded Hardware Supported by the HAL
6.2. HAL Architecture for Embedded Software Systems x
6.2.1. Services 6.2.2. Applications versus Drivers 6.2.3. Generic Device Models 6.2.4. C Standard Library—Newlib, Picolibc
6.2.3. Generic Device Models x
6.2.3.1. Device Model Classes 6.2.3.2. Benefits to Application Developers 6.2.3.3. Benefits to Device Driver Developers
6.3. Embedded Hardware Supported by the HAL x
6.3.1. Nios® V Processor Core Support 6.3.2. Supported Peripherals
6.3.2. Supported Peripherals x
6.3.2.1. Full HAL Support 6.3.2.2. Partial HAL Support
7. Developing Programs Using the Hardware Abstraction Layer x
7.1. HAL BSP Settings 7.2. The Nios® V Processor Embedded Project Structure 7.3. The system.h System Description File 7.4. Data Widths and the HAL Type Definitions 7.5. UNIX-Style Interface 7.6. Using Character-Mode Devices 7.7. Using Timer Devices 7.8. Using Flash Devices 7.9. Using DMA Devices 7.10. Interrupt Controllers 7.11. Reducing Code Footprint in Embedded Systems 7.12. Boot Sequence and Entry Point 7.13. Memory Usage 7.14. Working with HAL Source Files
7.6. Using Character-Mode Devices x
7.6.1. Standard Input, Standard Output and Standard Error 7.6.2. General Access to Character Mode Devices 7.6.3. C++ Streams 7.6.4. /dev/null 7.6.5. Lightweight Character-Mode I/O 7.6.6. Intel FPGA Logging Functions
7.6.6. Intel FPGA Logging Functions x
7.6.6.1. Enabling Logging 7.6.6.2. Extra Logging Options 7.6.6.3. Logging Levels 7.6.6.4. Example: Creating a BSP with Logging 7.6.6.5. Custom Logging Messages 7.6.6.6. Intel FPGA Logging Files
7.7. Using Timer Devices x
7.7.1. System Clock Driver 7.7.2. Alarms 7.7.3. Timestamp Driver
7.8. Using Flash Devices x
7.8.1. Simple Flash Access 7.8.2. Block Erasure or Corruption 7.8.3. Fine-Grained Flash Access
7.8.3. Fine-Grained Flash Access x
7.8.3.1. alt_get_flash_info() 7.8.3.2. alt_erase_flash() 7.8.3.3. alt_write_flash_block()
7.9. Using DMA Devices x
7.9.1. DMA Transmit Channels 7.9.2. DMA Receive Channels
7.9.2. DMA Receive Channels x
7.9.2.1. Memory-to-Memory DMA Transactions
7.11. Reducing Code Footprint in Embedded Systems x
7.11.1. Apply Compiler Flags 7.11.2. Use Small Variant Device Drivers 7.11.3. Reduce the File Descriptor Pool 7.11.4. Use /dev/null 7.11.5. Use a Smaller File I/O Library 7.11.6. Use the Minimal Character-Mode API 7.11.7. Eliminate Unused Device Drivers 7.11.8. Use the Picolibc Library 7.11.9. Eliminate Unused alt_load() 7.11.10. Eliminate Unneeded Exit Code
7.11.1. Apply Compiler Flags x
7.11.1.1. Apply Different Compiler Flags in BSP and APP 7.11.1.2. Apply Different Compiler Flags within a Source File
7.11.5. Use a Smaller File I/O Library x
7.11.5.1. Definition of 'asnprintf()' 7.11.5.2. Use UNIX-Style File I/O 7.11.5.3. Emulate ANSI C Functions
7.11.10. Eliminate Unneeded Exit Code x
7.11.10.1. Eliminate Clean Exit 7.11.10.2. Eliminate All Exit Code 7.11.10.3. Turn off C++ Support
7.12. Boot Sequence and Entry Point x
7.12.1. Hosted Versus Free-Standing Applications 7.12.2. Boot Sequence for HAL-Based Programs 7.12.3. Customizing the Boot Sequence
7.12.2. Boot Sequence for HAL-Based Programs x
7.12.2.1. System Initialization Code Boot Sequence 7.12.2.2. Default Implementation Steps
7.13. Memory Usage x
7.13.1. Memory Sections 7.13.2. Assigning Code and Data to Memory Partitions 7.13.3. Placement of the Heap and Stack 7.13.4. Global Pointer Register 7.13.5. Boot Modes
7.13.2. Assigning Code and Data to Memory Partitions x
7.13.2.1. Simple Placement Options 7.13.2.2. Advanced Placement Options
7.14. Working with HAL Source Files x
7.14.1. Finding HAL Files 7.14.2. Overriding HAL Functions
8. Developing Device Drivers for the Hardware Abstraction Layer x
8.1. Driver Integration in the HAL API 8.2. The HAL Peripheral-Specific API 8.3. Preparing for HAL Driver Development 8.4. Development Flow for Creating Device Drivers 8.5. Nios® V Processor Hardware Design Concepts 8.6. Accessing Hardware 8.7. Creating Embedded Drivers for HAL Device Classes 8.8. Integrating a Device Driver in the HAL 8.9. Creating a Custom Device Driver for the HAL 8.10. Reducing Code Footprint in HAL Embedded Drivers 8.11. HAL Namespace Allocation 8.12. Overriding the HAL Default Device Drivers
8.5. Nios® V Processor Hardware Design Concepts x
8.5.1. The Relationship Between the .qsys File and system.h 8.5.2. Using the System Generation Tool to Optimize Hardware 8.5.3. Components, Devices, and Peripherals
8.7. Creating Embedded Drivers for HAL Device Classes x
8.7.1. Character-Mode Device Drivers 8.7.2. File Subsystem Drivers 8.7.3. Timer Device Drivers 8.7.4. Flash Device Drivers 8.7.5. DMA Device Drivers
8.7.1. Character-Mode Device Drivers x
8.7.1.1. Create a Device Instance 8.7.1.2. Register a Character Device
8.7.1.1. Create a Device Instance x
8.7.1.1.1. Modifying the Global Error Status, errno 8.7.1.1.2. Default Behavior for Functions Defined in alt_dev
8.7.2. File Subsystem Drivers x
8.7.2.1. Create a Device Instance 8.7.2.2. Register a File Subsystem Device
8.7.3. Timer Device Drivers x
8.7.3.1. System Clock Driver 8.7.3.2. Timestamp Driver
8.7.4. Flash Device Drivers x
8.7.4.1. Create a Flash Driver 8.7.4.2. Register a Flash Device
8.7.5. DMA Device Drivers x
8.7.5.1. DMA Transmit Channel 8.7.5.2. DMA Receive Channel
8.8. Integrating a Device Driver in the HAL x
8.8.1. Overview 8.8.2. Assumptions and Requirements 8.8.3. Nios® V Processor BSP Generation Flow 8.8.4. File Names and Locations 8.8.5. Driver and Software Package Tcl Script Creation
8.8.3. Nios® V Processor BSP Generation Flow x
8.8.3.1. Component Discovery 8.8.3.2. Device Driver Versions 8.8.3.3. Device Driver and Software Package Inclusion
8.8.3.3. Device Driver and Software Package Inclusion x
8.8.3.3.1. Specific Requests 8.8.3.3.2. No Specific Requests
8.8.4. File Names and Locations x
8.8.4.1. Source Code Discovery
8.8.5. Driver and Software Package Tcl Script Creation x
8.8.5.1. Example Device Driver File Hierarchy and Naming 8.8.5.2. Tcl Command Walkthrough for a Typical Driver or Software Package 8.8.5.3. Creating Settings for Device Drivers and Software Packages
8.8.5.2. Tcl Command Walkthrough for a Typical Driver or Software Package x
8.8.5.2.1. Creating and Naming the Driver or Package 8.8.5.2.2. Identifying the Hardware Component Class 8.8.5.2.3. Setting the BSP Type 8.8.5.2.4. Specifying an Operating System 8.8.5.2.5. Specifying Source Files 8.8.5.2.6. Specifying a Subdirectory 8.8.5.2.7. Enabling Software Initialization 8.8.5.2.8. Adding Include Paths 8.8.5.2.9. Version Compatibility
8.8.5.3. Creating Settings for Device Drivers and Software Packages x
8.8.5.3.1. How Settings Affect the Generated BSP 8.8.5.3.2. Data Types 8.8.5.3.3. Setting Destination Files 8.8.5.3.4. Setting Display Name 8.8.5.3.5. Setting Identifier 8.8.5.3.6. Setting Default Value 8.8.5.3.7. Setting Description 8.8.5.3.8. Setting Creation Example
8.9. Creating a Custom Device Driver for the HAL x
8.9.1. Header Files and alt_sys_init.c 8.9.2. Device Driver Source Code
8.9.1. Header Files and alt_sys_init.c x
8.9.1.1. Creating alt_sys_init.c Based on Associated Header Files
8.9.2. Device Driver Source Code x
8.9.2.1. altera_avalon_jtag_uart.h Defining Macros
9. Exception Handling x
9.1. Nios® V Processor Exception Handling Overview 9.2. Nios® V Processor Hardware Interrupt Service Routines 9.3. Nios® V Processor Software Interrupt Service Routines 9.4. Nios® V Processor Timer Interrupt Service Routine 9.5. Improving Nios® V Processor ISR Performance 9.6. Debugging Nios® V Processor ISRs 9.7. HAL Exception Handling System Implementation 9.8. Nios® V Processor Instruction-Related Exception Handler
9.1. Nios® V Processor Exception Handling Overview x
9.1.1. Exception Handling Terminology 9.1.2. Hardware Interrupt Controllers 9.1.3. How the Hardware works 9.1.4. Latency and Response Time
9.1.2. Hardware Interrupt Controllers x
9.1.2.1. Internal Interrupt Concepts
9.1.3. How the Hardware works x
9.1.3.1. How the Internal Interrupt Controller Works
9.1.4. Latency and Response Time x
9.1.4.1. Internal Interrupt Controller
9.2. Nios® V Processor Hardware Interrupt Service Routines x
9.2.1. HAL APIs for Hardware Interrupts 9.2.2. Writing a Hardware ISR 9.2.3. Registering a Hardware ISR 9.2.4. Enabling and Disabling Interrupts 9.2.5. C Example
9.2.1. HAL APIs for Hardware Interrupts x
9.2.1.1. Enhanced HAL Hardware Interrupt API
9.2.2. Writing a Hardware ISR x
9.2.2.1. Using General Exception Funnels 9.2.2.2. Running in a Restricted Environment
9.2.3. Registering a Hardware ISR x
9.2.3.1. Methods the HAL Uses to Register the ISR
9.2.5. C Example x
9.2.5.1. Writing a Hardware ISR to Service a Button PIO Interrupt 9.2.5.2. Registering the Button PIO ISR with the HAL
9.3. Nios® V Processor Software Interrupt Service Routines x
9.3.1. HAL APIs for Software Interrupt 9.3.2. Writing a Software ISR 9.3.3. Registering a Software ISR 9.3.4. Enabling and Disabling Interrupts 9.3.5. C Example
9.3.5. C Example x
9.3.5.1. Writing a Software ISR 9.3.5.2. Registering the Software ISR with the HAL
9.5. Improving Nios® V Processor ISR Performance x
9.5.1. Software Performance Improvements 9.5.2. Hardware Performance Improvements
9.5.1. Software Performance Improvements x
9.5.1.1. Execute Time-Intensive Algorithms in the Application Context 9.5.1.2. Implement Time-Intensive Algorithms in Hardware 9.5.1.3. Increase Buffer Size 9.5.1.4. Use Double Buffering 9.5.1.5. Keep Interrupts Enabled 9.5.1.6. Use Fast Memory 9.5.1.7. Use a Separate Exception Stack 9.5.1.8. Use Nested Hardware Interrupts 9.5.1.9. Use Compiler Optimization
9.5.1.7. Use a Separate Exception Stack x
9.5.1.7.1. Separate General Exception Stack
9.5.2. Hardware Performance Improvements x
9.5.2.1. Add Fast Memory 9.5.2.2. Add a DMA Controller 9.5.2.3. Place the Handler in Fast Memory 9.5.2.4. Select Hardware Interrupt Priorities
9.5.2.4. Select Hardware Interrupt Priorities x
9.5.2.4.1. Hardware Interrupt Priorities with the Internal Interrupt Controller
9.7. HAL Exception Handling System Implementation x
9.7.1. Exception Handling System Structure 9.7.2. General Exception Funnels 9.7.3. Hardware Interrupt Funnel 9.7.4. Software Exception Funnel 9.7.5. Software Interrupt Handler 9.7.6. Timer Interrupt Handler
9.7.2. General Exception Funnels x
9.7.2.1. Exception Occurs 9.7.2.2. Exception Dispatch with the Internal Interrupt Controller 9.7.2.3. Returning from Exceptions
9.7.3. Hardware Interrupt Funnel x
9.7.3.1. Hardware Interrupt Funnel for the Internal Interrupt Controller
9.7.4. Software Exception Funnel x
9.7.4.1. Instruction-Related Exceptions 9.7.4.2. Miscellaneous Exceptions 9.7.4.3. Invalid Instructions
9.8. Nios® V Processor Instruction-Related Exception Handler x
9.8.1. Writing an Instruction-Related Exception Handler 9.8.2. Registering an Instruction-Related Exception Handler 9.8.3. Removing an Instruction-Related Exception Handler 9.8.4. Debugging for Instruction-Related Exception Handler
9.8.1. Writing an Instruction-Related Exception Handler x
9.8.1.1. Exception Cause Codes
9.8.4. Debugging for Instruction-Related Exception Handler x
9.8.4.1. Enable JTAG UART polling operation 9.8.4.2. Example of Instruction-Related Exception Handler 9.8.4.3. Adding Custom Exception Handler
10. Cache and Tightly-Coupled Memory x
10.1. Nios® V Processor Cache Implementation 10.2. Initializing Cache after Reset 10.3. Device Driver Cache Considerations 10.4. Managing Cache in Multi-Master and Multi-Processor Systems 10.5. Tightly-Coupled Memory
11. MicroC/OS-II Real-Time Operating System x
11.1. Overview of the MicroC/OS-II RTOS 11.2. Other RTOS Providers 11.3. The Nios® V Processor Implementation of MicroC/OS-II 11.4. Implementing MicroC/OS-II Projects for the Nios® V Processor
11.1. Overview of the MicroC/OS-II RTOS x
11.1.1. Support and Licensing
11.3. The Nios® V Processor Implementation of MicroC/OS-II x
11.3.1. MicroC/OS-II Architecture 11.3.2. MicroC/OS-II Device Drivers 11.3.3. Thread-Safe Drivers 11.3.4. The newlib ANSI C Standard Library 11.3.5. Interrupt Service Routines for MicroC/OS-II
12. MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack x
12.1. Overview of the MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack 12.2. Support and Licensing 12.3. Prerequisites for Understanding the MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack 12.4. Introduction to the MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack - Nios® V Processor Edition 12.5. The MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack Files and Directories 12.6. Enabling MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack 12.7. Using the MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack
12.4. Introduction to the MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack - Nios® V Processor Edition x
12.4.1. Nios® V Processor System Requirements
12.7. Using the MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack x
12.7.1. Initializing the Stack 12.7.2. Network IP configuration 12.7.3. Example applications
12.7.3. Example applications x
12.7.3.1. simple_socket_server.c 12.7.3.2. app_iperf.c
13. FreeRTOS* Real-Time Operating System x
13.1. Overview of the FreeRTOS* 13.2. The Nios® V Processor Implementation of FreeRTOS* 13.3. Implementing FreeRTOS™ Project for the Nios® V Processor
13.1. Overview of the FreeRTOS* x
13.1.1. Support and Licensing
13.2. The Nios® V Processor Implementation of FreeRTOS* x
13.2.1. FreeRTOS* Architecture 13.2.2. FreeRTOS* Device Drivers 13.2.3. Thread-Safe HAL Drivers 13.2.4. The newlib ANSI C Standard Library
13.3. Implementing FreeRTOS™ Project for the Nios® V Processor x
13.3.1. Create FreeRTOS BSP Project 13.3.2. Configure FreeRTOS Features 13.3.3. Write FreeRTOS-based Source Codes 13.3.4. Generate Application CMake File 13.3.5. Build FreeRTOS BSP and Application Projects
14. Read-Only Zip File System x
14.1. Read-Only Zip File System in BSP Editor 14.2. Preparing the Zip File 14.3. Programming the Zip File to Flash 14.4. Programming the Zip File to On-Chip ROM
14.3. Programming the Zip File to Flash x
14.3.1. General Purpose QSPI Flash 14.3.2. Active Serial Configuration Flash in Control-block Based Devices 14.3.3. Active Serial Configuration Flash in SDM Based Devices
15. Publishing Component Information to Embedded Software x
15.1. Embedded Component Information Flow 15.2. Embedded Software Assignments
15.2. Embedded Software Assignments x
15.2.1. C Macro Namespace 15.2.2. Configuration Namespace
15.2.1. C Macro Namespace x
15.2.1.1. Generated Macro in system.h 15.2.1.2. GCC C/C++ 32-bit Processor Constants
15.2.2. Configuration Namespace x
15.2.2.1. Configuration Data Types 15.2.2.2. Component Configuration Information 15.2.2.3. Memory-Mapped Slave Information
16. Nios® V Processor Appendix x
16.1. HAL API 16.2. Nios® V Processor Tools Reference 16.3. GNU RISC-V Embedded GCC Toolchain Reference 16.4. Settings Managed by Nios® V Processor Board Support Package Editor 16.5. Board Support Package Tcl Commands 16.6. Nios® V Processor Design Example 16.7. Manual System PATH Variable Setup
16.1. HAL API x
16.1.1. HAL API Reference 16.1.2. HAL Standard Types
16.1.1. HAL API Reference x
16.1.1.1. _exit() 16.1.1.2. _rename() 16.1.1.3. alt_dcache_flush() 16.1.1.4. alt_dcache_flush_all() 16.1.1.5. alt_icache_flush_all() 16.1.1.6. alt_dcache_flush_no_writeback() 16.1.1.7. alt_icache_flush_all() 16.1.1.8. alt_icache_flush() 16.1.1.9. alt_alarm_start() 16.1.1.10. alt_alarm_stop() 16.1.1.11. alt_dma_rxchan_depth() 16.1.1.12. alt_dma_rxchan_close() 16.1.1.13. alt_dev_reg() 16.1.1.14. alt_dma_rxchan_open() 16.1.1.15. alt_dma_rxchan_prepare() 16.1.1.16. alt_dma_rxchan_reg() 16.1.1.17. alt_dma_txchan_close() 16.1.1.18. alt_dma_txchan_ioctl() 16.1.1.19. alt_dma_txchan_open() 16.1.1.20. alt_dma_txchan_reg() 16.1.1.21. alt_flash_close_dev() 16.1.1.22. alt_exception_cause_generated_bad_addr() 16.1.1.23. alt_erase_flash_block() 16.1.1.24. alt_dma_rxchan_ioctl() 16.1.1.25. alt_dma_txchan_space() 16.1.1.26. alt_dma_txchan_send() 16.1.1.27. alt_flash_open_dev() 16.1.1.28. alt_fs_reg() 16.1.1.29. alt_get_flash_info() 16.1.1.30. alt_ic_irq_disable() 16.1.1.31. alt_ic_irq_enabled() 16.1.1.32. alt_ic_isr_register() 16.1.1.33. alt_ic_irq_enable() 16.1.1.34. alt_instruction_exception_register() 16.1.1.35. alt_irq_cpu_enable_interrupts () 16.1.1.36. alt_irq_disable_all() 16.1.1.37. alt_irq_enable_all() 16.1.1.38. alt_irq_enabled() 16.1.1.39. alt_irq_init() 16.1.1.40. alt_irq_pending () 16.1.1.41. alt_llist_insert() 16.1.1.42. alt_llist_remove() 16.1.1.43. alt_load_section() 16.1.1.44. alt_nticks() 16.1.1.45. alt_read_flash() 16.1.1.46. alt_tick() 16.1.1.47. alt_ticks_per_second() 16.1.1.48. alt_timestamp() 16.1.1.49. alt_timestamp_freq() 16.1.1.50. alt_timestamp_start() 16.1.1.51. alt_write_flash() 16.1.1.52. alt_write_flash_block() 16.1.1.53. close() 16.1.1.54. fstat() 16.1.1.55. fork() 16.1.1.56. fcntl() 16.1.1.57. execve() 16.1.1.58. getpid() 16.1.1.59. kill() 16.1.1.60. stat() 16.1.1.61. settimeofday() 16.1.1.62. wait() 16.1.1.63. unlink() 16.1.1.64. sbrk() 16.1.1.65. link() 16.1.1.66. lseek() 16.1.1.67. open() 16.1.1.68. alt_sysclk_init() 16.1.1.69. times() 16.1.1.70. read() 16.1.1.71. write() 16.1.1.72. usleep() 16.1.1.73. alt_lock_flash() 16.1.1.74. gettimeofday() 16.1.1.75. ioctl() 16.1.1.76. isatty() 16.1.1.77. alt_niosv_enable_msw_interrupt() 16.1.1.78. alt_niosv_disable_msw_interrupt() 16.1.1.79. alt_niosv_is_msw_interrupt_enabled() 16.1.1.80. alt_niosv_trigger_msw_interrupt() 16.1.1.81. alt_niosv_clear_msw_interrupt() 16.1.1.82. alt_niosv_register_msw_interrupt_handler()
16.1.2. HAL Standard Types x
16.1.2.1. alt_getchar() 16.1.2.2. alt_putstr() 16.1.2.3. alt_putchar() 16.1.2.4. alt_printf()
16.2. Nios® V Processor Tools Reference x
16.2.1. Nios® V Processor Command Line Utilities 16.2.2. File Format Conversion Tools Reference 16.2.3. Other Command Line Utilities Tools Reference
16.2.1. Nios® V Processor Command Line Utilities x
16.2.1.1. niosv-shell 16.2.1.2. niosv-bsp 16.2.1.3. niosv-app 16.2.1.4. niosv-download 16.2.1.5. niosv-stack-report
16.2.2. File Format Conversion Tools Reference x
16.2.2.1. elf2hex 16.2.2.2. elf2flash
16.2.3. Other Command Line Utilities Tools Reference x
16.2.3.1. juart-terminal 16.2.3.2. cmake 16.2.3.3. make 16.2.3.4. openocd 16.2.3.5. openocd-cfg-gen
16.4. Settings Managed by Nios® V Processor Board Support Package Editor x
16.4.1. Overview of BSP Settings 16.4.2. Overview of Component and Driver Settings 16.4.3. BSP Settings Reference
16.4.2. Overview of Component and Driver Settings x
16.4.2.1. Intel FPGA Avalon-MM JTAG UART Driver Settings 16.4.2.2. Intel FPGA Avalon-MM UART Driver Settings
16.4.3. BSP Settings Reference x
16.4.3.1. Intel HAL BSP hal.enable_instruction_related_exceptions_api hal.max_file_descriptors hal.sys_clk_timer hal.timestamp_timer hal.linker.allow_code_at_reset hal.linker.enable_alt_load hal.linker.enable_alt_load_copy_exceptions hal.linker.enable_alt_load_copy_rodata hal.linker.enable_alt_load_copy_rwdata hal.linker.enable_exception_stack hal.linker.exception_stack_memory_region_name hal.linker.use_picolibc hal.linker.exception_stack_size hal.toolchain.ar hal.toolchain.as hal.make.asflags hal.make.cflags_debug hal.make.cflags_defined_symbols hal.make.cflags_optimization hal.make.cflags_undefined_symbols hal.make.cflags_user_flags hal.make.cflags_warnings hal.make.cxx_flags hal.make.link_flags hal.make.objdump_flags hal.toolchain.cc hal.toolchain.cxx hal.toolchain.objdump hal.make.enable_cflag_fstack_protector_strong hal.make.enable_cflag_wformat_security hal.toolchain.prefix hal.toolchain.enable_executable_overrides hal.enable_c_plus_plus hal.enable_clean_exit hal.enable_exit hal.enable_reduced_device_drivers hal.enable_lightweight_device_driver_api hal.enable_runtime_stack_checking hal.enable_sim_optimize hal.log_port hal.log_flags hal.stderr hal.stdin hal.stdout 16.4.3.2. Micrium MicroC/OS-II BSP 16.4.3.3. FreeRTOS BSP 16.4.3.4. Device Drivers BSP
16.5. Board Support Package Tcl Commands x
16.5.1. Tcl Command Environments 16.5.2. Tcl Commands for BSP Settings 16.5.3. Tcl Commands for BSP Generation Callbacks 16.5.4. Tcl Commands for Drivers and Packages
16.5.2. Tcl Commands for BSP Settings x
16.5.2.1. add_memory_device 16.5.2.2. add_memory_region 16.5.2.3. add_section_mapping 16.5.2.4. are_same_resource 16.5.2.5. delete_memory_region 16.5.2.6. delete_section_mapping 16.5.2.7. disable_sw_package 16.5.2.8. enable_sw_package 16.5.2.9. get_addr_span 16.5.2.10. get_assignment 16.5.2.11. get_available_drivers 16.5.2.12. get_available_sw_packages 16.5.2.13. get_base_addr 16.5.2.14. get_break_offset 16.5.2.15. get_break_slave_desc 16.5.2.16. get_cpu_name 16.5.2.17. get_current_memory_regions 16.5.2.18. get_current_section_mappings 16.5.2.19. get_default_memory_regions 16.5.2.20. get_driver 16.5.2.21. get_enabled_sw_packages 16.5.2.22. get_exception_offset 16.5.2.23. get_exception_slave_desc 16.5.2.24. get_fast_tlb_miss_exception_offset 16.5.2.25. get_fast_tlb_miss_exception_slave_desc 16.5.2.26. get_interrupt_controller_id 16.5.2.27. get_irq_interrupt_controller_id 16.5.2.28. get_irq_number 16.5.2.29. get_memory_region 16.5.2.30. get_module_class_name 16.5.2.31. get_module_name 16.5.2.32. get_reset_offset 16.5.2.33. get_reset_slave_desc 16.5.2.34. get_section_mapping 16.5.2.35. get_setting 16.5.2.36. get_setting_desc 16.5.2.37. get_slave_descs 16.5.2.38. is_char_device 16.5.2.39. is_connected_interrupt_controller_device 16.5.2.40. is_connected_to_data_master 16.5.2.41. is_connected_to_instruction_master 16.5.2.42. is_ethernet_mac_device 16.5.2.43. is_flash 16.5.2.44. is_memory_device 16.5.2.45. is_non_volatile_storage 16.5.2.46. is_timer_device 16.5.2.47. log_debug 16.5.2.48. log_default 16.5.2.49. log_error 16.5.2.50. log_verbose 16.5.2.51. set_driver 16.5.2.52. set_ignore_file 16.5.2.53. set_setting 16.5.2.54. update_memory_region 16.5.2.55. update_section_mapping 16.5.2.56. add_default_memory_regions 16.5.2.57. create_bsp 16.5.2.58. generate_bsp 16.5.2.59. get_available_bsp_type_versions 16.5.2.60. get_available_bsp_types 16.5.2.61. get_available_cpu_architectures 16.5.2.62. get_available_cpu_names 16.5.2.63. get_available_software 16.5.2.64. get_available_software_setting_properties 16.5.2.65. get_available_software_settings 16.5.2.66. get_bsp_version 16.5.2.67. get_cpu_architecture 16.5.2.68. get_sopcinfo_file 16.5.2.69. get_supported_bsp_types 16.5.2.70. is_bsp_hal_extension 16.5.2.71. open_bsp 16.5.2.72. save_bsp 16.5.2.73. set_bsp_version 16.5.2.74. set_logging_mode
16.5.3. Tcl Commands for BSP Generation Callbacks x
16.5.3.1. add_class_sw_setting 16.5.3.2. add_class_systemh_line 16.5.3.3. add_module_sw_property 16.5.3.4. add_module_sw_setting 16.5.3.5. add_module_systemh_line 16.5.3.6. add_systemh_line 16.5.3.7. get_class_peripheral 16.5.3.8. get_module_assignment 16.5.3.9. get_module_name 16.5.3.10. get_module_peripheral 16.5.3.11. get_module_sw_setting_value 16.5.3.12. get_peripheral_property 16.5.3.13. remove_class_systemh_line 16.5.3.14. remove_module_systemh_line 16.5.3.15. set_class_sw_setting_property 16.5.3.16. set_module_sw_setting_property
16.5.4. Tcl Commands for Drivers and Packages x
16.5.4.1. add_sw_property 16.5.4.2. add_sw_setting 16.5.4.3. add_sw_setting2 16.5.4.4. create_driver 16.5.4.5. create_os 16.5.4.6. create_sw_package 16.5.4.7. set_sw_property 16.5.4.8. set_sw_setting_property
16.6. Nios® V Processor Design Example x
16.6.1. Intel® FPGA Design Store 16.6.2. Quartus® Prime Software 16.6.3. Migrating to Other Intel® FPGA Device
16.6.2. Quartus® Prime Software x
16.6.2.1. Configurable Example Design
1. Overview of Nios® V Embedded Processor Development
2. Getting Started with the Graphical User Interface
3. Getting Started from the Command Line
4. Nios® V Processor Software Development and Implementation
5. Nios® V Processor Board Support Package Editor
6. Overview of the Hardware Abstraction Layer
7. Developing Programs Using the Hardware Abstraction Layer
8. Developing Device Drivers for the Hardware Abstraction Layer
9. Exception Handling
10. Cache and Tightly-Coupled Memory
11. MicroC/OS-II Real-Time Operating System
12. MicroC/TCP-IP Protocol Stack
13. FreeRTOS* Real-Time Operating System
14. Read-Only Zip File System
15. Publishing Component Information to Embedded Software
16. Nios® V Processor Appendix
A. Nios® V Processor Software Developer Handbook Archives
17. Revision History for the Nios® V Processor Software Developer Handbook

16.4.3.1. Intel HAL BSP

hal.enable_instruction_related_exceptions_api

  • Identifier:ALT_INCLUDE_INSTRUCTION_RELATED_EXCEPTION_API
  • Type: Boolean definition
  • Default Value: false
  • Destination File: system.h
  • Description: Enables application program interface (API) for registering handlers to service instruction-related exceptions. These exception types can be generated if various processor options are enabled, such as the memory management unit (MMU), memory protection unit (MPU), or other advanced exception types. Enabling this setting increases the size of the exception entry code.
  • Restrictions: none

hal.max_file_descriptors

  • Identifier: ALT_MAX_FD
  • Type: Decimal number
  • Default Value: 32
  • Destination File: system.h
  • Description: Determines the number of file descriptors statically allocated.
  • Restriction: If hal.enable_lightweight_device_driver_api is true, there are no file descriptors so this setting is ignored. If hal.enable_lightweight_device_driver_api is false, this setting must be at least 4 because HAL needs a file descriptor for /dev/null, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr. This setting defines the value of ALT_MAX_FD in system.h.

hal.sys_clk_timer

  • Identifier: ALT_SYS_CLK
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: system.h
  • Description: Slave descriptor of the system clock timer device. This device provides a periodic interrupt ("tick") and is typically required for RTOS use. This setting defines the value of ALT_SYS_CLK in system.h.
  • Restriction: none

hal.timestamp_timer

  • Identifier: ALT_TIMESTAMP_CLK
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: system.h
  • Description: Slave descriptor of timestamp timer device. This device is used by Intel HAL timestamp drivers for high-resolution time measurement. This setting defines the value of ALT_TIMESTAMP_CLK in system.h.
  • Restriction: none

hal.linker.allow_code_at_reset

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: none
  • Description: Indicates if initialization code is allowed at the reset address. If true, defines the macro ALT_ALLOW_CODE_AT_RESET in linker.h.
  • Restriction: This setting is typically false if an external bootloader (e.g. flash bootloader) is present.

hal.linker.enable_alt_load

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 1
  • Destination File: none
  • Description: Enables the alt_load() facility. The alt_load() facility copies sections from the .text memory into RAM. If true, this setting sets up the VMA/LMA (virtual memory address/low memory address) of sections in linker.x to allow them to be loaded into the .text memory.
  • Restriction: This setting is typically false if an external bootloader (e.g. flash bootloader) is present.

hal.linker.enable_alt_load_copy_exceptions

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: none
  • Description: Causes the alt_load() facility to copy the .exceptions section. If true, this setting defines the macro ALT_LOAD_COPY_EXCEPTIONS in linker.h.
  • Restriction: none

hal.linker.enable_alt_load_copy_rodata

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: none
  • Description: Causes the alt_load() facility to copy the .rodata section. If true, this setting defines the macro ALT_LOAD_COPY_RODATA in linker.h.
  • Restriction: none

hal.linker.enable_alt_load_copy_rwdata

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: none
  • Description: Causes the initialization code to copy the .rwdata section. If true, this setting defines the macro ALT_LOAD_COPY_RWDATA in linker.h.
  • Restriction: none

hal.linker.enable_exception_stack

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: none
  • Description: Enables use of a separate exception stack. If true, defines the macro ALT_EXCEPTION_STACK in linker.h, adds a memory region called exception_stack to linker.x, and provides the symbols __alt_exception_stack_pointer and __alt_exception_stack_limit in linker.x.
  • Restriction: The hal.linker.exception_stack_size and hal.linker.exception_stack_memory_region_name settings must also be valid. This setting must be false for MicroC/OS-II BSPs. The exception stack can be used to improve interrupt and other exception performance if an EIC is not implemented.

hal.linker.exception_stack_memory_region_name

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: none
  • Description: Name of the existing memory region to be divided up to create the exception_stack memory region. The selected region name is adjusted automatically when the BSP is generated to create the exception_stack memory region.
  • Restriction: Only used if hal.linker.enable_exception_stack is true.

hal.linker.use_picolibc

  • Identifier: USE_PICOLIBC
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: false
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Use Picolibc in place of Newlib to provide C library support.
  • Restriction: none

hal.linker.exception_stack_size

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Decimal number
  • Default Value: 1024
  • Destination File: none
  • Description: Size of the exception stack in bytes.
  • Restriction: Only used if hal.linker.enable_exception_stack is true. none

hal.toolchain.ar

  • Identifier: CMAKE_AR
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: riscv32-unknown-elf-ar
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Archiver command. Creates library files.
  • Restriction: none

hal.toolchain.as

  • Identifier: CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Assembler command. Note that CC is used for Nios® V processor assembly language source files (.S).
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.asflags

  • Identifier: COMPILE_LANGUAGE:ASM
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: -Wa,-gdwarf2
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Custom flags only passed to the assembler. This setting defines the value of COMPILE_LANGUAGE:ASM in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.cflags_debug

  • Identifier: CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG and CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: -g
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: C/C++ compiler debug level when CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug. -g provides the default set of debug symbols required to debug a typical application. Omitting -g removes debug symbols from the .elf file. This setting defines the value of CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG and CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: Run cmake command with the flag, CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug

hal.make.cflags_defined_symbols

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Preprocessor macros to define. A macro definition in this setting has the same effect as a #define in source code. Adding -DALT_DEBUG to this setting has the same effect as #define ALT_DEBUG in a source file. Adding -DFOO=1 to this setting is equivalent to the macro #define FOO 1 in a source file. Macros defined with this setting are applied to all . S , C source ( .c ), and C++ files in the BSP. This setting defines the value of preprocessor macros in the toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.cflags_optimization

  • Identifier: CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE and CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: -O2
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: C/C++ compiler optimization level when CMAKE__BUILD_TYPE=Release. -O0 = no optimization, -O2 = normal optimization, etc. -O0 is recommended for code that you want to debug since compiler optimization can remove variables and produce non-sequential execution of code while debugging. This setting defines the value of CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE and CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: Run cmake command with the flag, CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release

hal.make.cflags_undefined_symbols

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Preprocessor macros to undefine. Undefined macros are similar to defined macros, but replicate the #undef directive in source code. To undefine the macro FOO use the syntax -u FOO in this setting. This is equivalent to #undef FOO in a source file. Note: the syntax differs from macro definition (there is a space, i.e. -u FOO versus -DFOO). Macros defined with this setting are applied to all . S , . c , and C++ files in the BSP. This setting undefines preprocessor macros in the toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.cflags_user_flags

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Custom flags passed to the compiler when compiling C, C++, and . S files . This setting defines the value of custom flags in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.cflags_warnings

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: -Wall-Wformat-security
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: C/C++ compiler warning level. -Wall is commonly used. -Wformat-security warns about calls to printf and scanf functions, where the format string is not a string and there are no format arguments. This setting defines the warning levels in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.cxx_flags

  • Identifier: COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Custom flags only passed to the C++ compiler. This setting defines the value of COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.link_flags

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Linker flags. This setting defines the linker flags in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.objdump_flags

  • Identifier: ToolchainObjdumpFlags
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: -Sdtx
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Objdump flags. This setting defines ToolchainObjdumpFlags in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.toolchain.cc

  • Identifier: CMAKE_C_COMPILER
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: C compiler command
  • Restriction: none

hal.toolchain.cxx

  • Identifier: CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: riscv32-unknown-elf-g++
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: C++ compiler command
  • Restriction: none

hal.toolchain.objdump

  • Identifier: ToolchainObjdump
  • Type: Unqouted string
  • Default Value: riscv32-unknown-elf-objdump
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Objdump command
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.enable_cflag_fstack_protector_strong

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 1
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Enable the fstack-protector-strong compiler flag in toolchain.cmake. If true, add -fstack-protector-strong.
  • Restriction: none

hal.make.enable_cflag_wformat_security

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 1
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Enable the Wformat and Wformat-security compiler flags in toolchain.cmake to warn against security problems when using format functions. If true, add -Wformat -Wformat-security.
  • Restriction: none

hal.toolchain.prefix

  • Identifier: ToolchainPrefix
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: riscv32-unknown-elf-
  • Description: Prefix to be used for toolchain executables. The value affects the individual values of the archiver, assembler, compiler, and linker. Specifically, it affects the settings.
    • hal.toolchain.ar
    • hal.toolchain.as
    • hal.toolchain.cc
    • hal.toolchain.cxx
    • hal.toolchain.objdump
    Example of the value: ${hal.toolchain.prefix}gcc, ${hal.toolchain.prefix}objdump, and others.

    However, if the override setting hal.toolchain.enable_executable_overrides is enabled, the individual settings hal.toolchain.ar, hal.toolchain.as, hal.toolchain.cc, hal.toolchain.cxx, and hal.toolchain.objdump may be set to custom values and are not derived from this setting's value.

    The riscv32-unknown-elf toolchain is available with the Ashling* RiscFree* IDE for Intel FPGAs. You must install the Ashling* RiscFree* IDE for Intel FPGAs to use this toolchain.

  • Restriction: none

hal.toolchain.enable_executable_overrides

  • Identifier: none
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default value: false
  • Description: Enable custom values to be set for the toolchain executables. You can set the settings for hal.toolchain.ar, hal.toolchain.as, hal.toolchain.cc, hal.toolchain.cxx, and hal.toolchain.objdump to custom values.
  • Restriction: none

hal.enable_c_plus_plus

  • Identifier: ALT_NO_C_PLUS_PLUS
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 1
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Enable support for a subset of the C++ language. This option increases code footprint by adding support for C++ constructors. Certain features, such as multiple inheritance and exceptions are not supported. If false, add ALT_NO_C_PLUS_PLUS in toolchain.cmake, and reduce code footprint.
  • Restriction: none

hal.enable_clean_exit

  • Identifier: ALT_NO_CLEAN_EXIT
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 1
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: When your application exits, close file descriptors, call C++ destructors, etc. Code footprint can be reduced by disabling clean exit. If disabled, adds ALT_NO_CLEAN_EXIT and -Wl, --defsym, exit=_exit in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.enable_exit

  • Identifier: ALT_NO_EXIT
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 1
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Add exit() support. This option increases code footprint if your main() routine returns or calls exit(). If false, adds ALT_NO_EXIT in toolchain.cmake, and reduces footprint.
  • Restriction: none

hal.enable_reduced_device_drivers

  • Identifier: ALT_USE_SMALL_DRIVERS
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Certain drivers are compiled with reduced functionality to reduce code footprint. Not all drivers observe this setting. If true, adds ALT_USE_SMALL_DRIVERS in toolchain.cmake. Typically, drivers support this setting with a polled mode. For example, the altera_avalon_uart and altera_avalon_jtag_uart reduced drivers operate in polled mode.
  • Restriction: none

hal.enable_lightweight_device_driver_api

  • Identifier: ALT_USE_DIRECT_DRIVERS
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Enable lightweight device driver API to reduces code and data footprint. If true, add ALT_USE_DIRECT_DRIVERS in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.enable_runtime_stack_checking

  • Identifier: ALT_STACK_CHECK
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: Turns on HAL runtime stack checking feature. Enabling this setting enables the HAL to check if the heap collide with the stack when allocating heap memory, such as with malloc(). If true, adds ALT_STACK_CHECK in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: none

hal.enable_sim_optimize

  • Identifier: ALT_SIM_OPTIMIZE
  • Type: Boolean assignment
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: The BSP is compiled with optimizations to speedup HDL simulation such as initializing the cache, clearing the .bss section, and skipping long delay loops. If true, adds ALT_SIM_OPTIMIZE in toolchain.cmake.
  • Restriction: When this setting is true, the BSP cannot run on hardware.

hal.log_port

  • Identifier: ALT_LOG_PORT
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: system.h
  • Description: Slave descriptor of debug logging character-mode device. If defined, it enables extra debug messages in the HAL source. This setting is used by the Intel FPGA logging functions.

hal.log_flags

  • Identifier: ALT_LOG_FLAGS
  • Type: Decimal Number
  • Default Value: 0
  • Destination File: toolchain.cmake
  • Description: The value is assigned to ALT_LOG_FLAGS in the generated toolchain.cmake. Refer to hal.log_port for further details. The valid range of this setting is -1 through 3.

hal.stderr

  • Identifier: ALT_STDERR
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: system.h
  • Description: Slave descriptor of STDERR character-mode device. This setting is used by the ALT_STDERR family of defines in system.h.

hal.stdin

  • Identifier:ALT_STDIN
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: system.h
  • Description: Slave descriptor of STDIN character-mode device. This setting is used by the ALT_STDIN family of defines in system.h.

hal.stdout

  • Identifier: ALT_STDOUT
  • Type: Unquoted string
  • Default Value: none
  • Destination File: system.h
  • Description: Slave descriptor of STDOUT character-mode device. This setting is used by the ALT_STDOUT family of defines in system.h.
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