?ggev

Developer Reference for Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library for Fortran

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ID 766686

Date 11/07/2023

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?ggev

Computes the generalized eigenvalues, and the left and/or right generalized eigenvectors for a pair of nonsymmetric matrices.

Syntax

call sggev(jobvl, jobvr, n, a, lda, b, ldb, alphar, alphai, beta, vl, ldvl, vr, ldvr, work, lwork, info)

call dggev(jobvl, jobvr, n, a, lda, b, ldb, alphar, alphai, beta, vl, ldvl, vr, ldvr, work, lwork, info)

call cggev(jobvl, jobvr, n, a, lda, b, ldb, alpha, beta, vl, ldvl, vr, ldvr, work, lwork, rwork, info)

call zggev(jobvl, jobvr, n, a, lda, b, ldb, alpha, beta, vl, ldvl, vr, ldvr, work, lwork, rwork, info)

call ggev(a, b, alphar, alphai, beta [,vl] [,vr] [,info])

call ggev(a, b, alpha, beta [, vl] [,vr] [,info])

Include Files

mkl.fi, lapack.f90

Description

The ?ggev routine computes the generalized eigenvalues, and optionally, the left and/or right generalized eigenvectors for a pair of n-by-n real/complex nonsymmetric matrices (A,B).

A generalized eigenvalue for a pair of matrices (A,B) is a scalar λ or a ratio alpha / beta = λ, such that A - λ*B is singular. It is usually represented as the pair (alpha, beta), as there is a reasonable interpretation for beta =0 and even for both being zero.

The right generalized eigenvector v(j) corresponding to the generalized eigenvalue λ(j) of (A,B) satisfies

A*v(j) = λ(j)*B*v(j).

The left generalized eigenvector u(j) corresponding to the generalized eigenvalue λ(j) of (A,B) satisfies

u(j)^H*A = λ(j)*u(j)^H*B

where u(j)^H denotes the conjugate transpose of u(j).

The ?ggev routine replaces the deprecated ?gegv routine.

Input Parameters

jobvl

CHARACTER*1. Must be 'N' or 'V'.

If jobvl = 'N', the left generalized eigenvectors are not computed;

If jobvl = 'V', the left generalized eigenvectors are computed.

jobvr

CHARACTER*1. Must be 'N' or 'V'.

If jobvr = 'N', the right generalized eigenvectors are not computed;

If jobvr = 'V', the right generalized eigenvectors are computed.

n

INTEGER. The order of the matrices A, B, vl, and vr (n≥ 0).

a, b, work

REAL for sggev

DOUBLE PRECISION for dggev

COMPLEX for cggev

DOUBLE COMPLEX for zggev.

Arrays:

a(lda,*) is an array containing the n-by-n matrix A (first of the pair of matrices).

The second dimension of a must be at least max(1, n).

b(ldb,*) is an array containing the n-by-n matrix B (second of the pair of matrices).

The second dimension of b must be at least max(1, n).

work is a workspace array, its dimension max(1, lwork).

lda

INTEGER. The leading dimension of the array a. Must be at least max(1, n).

ldb

INTEGER. The leading dimension of the array b. Must be at least max(1, n).

ldvl, ldvr

INTEGER. The leading dimensions of the output matrices vl and vr, respectively.

Constraints:

ldvl≥ 1. If jobvl = 'V', ldvl≥ max(1, n).

ldvr≥ 1. If jobvr = 'V', ldvr≥ max(1, n).

lwork

INTEGER.

The dimension of the array work.

lwork≥ max(1, 8n+16) for real flavors;

lwork≥ max(1, 2n) for complex flavors.

For good performance, lwork must generally be larger.

If lwork = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the work array, returns this value as the first entry of the work array, and no error message related to lwork is issued by xerbla.

rwork

REAL for cggev

DOUBLE PRECISION for zggev

Workspace array, size at least max(1, 8n).

This array is used in complex flavors only.

Output Parameters

a, b

On exit, these arrays have been overwritten.

alphar, alphai

REAL for sggev;

DOUBLE PRECISION for dggev.

Arrays, size at least max(1, n) each. Contain values that form generalized eigenvalues in real flavors.

See beta.

alpha

COMPLEX for cggev;

DOUBLE COMPLEX for zggev.

Array, size at least max(1, n). Contain values that form generalized eigenvalues in complex flavors. See beta.

beta

REAL for sggev

DOUBLE PRECISION for dggev

COMPLEX for cggev

DOUBLE COMPLEX for zggev.

Array, size at least max(1, n).

For real flavors:

On exit, (alphar(j) + alphai(j)*i)/beta(j), j=1,..., n, are the generalized eigenvalues.

If alphai(j) is zero, then the j-th eigenvalue is real; if positive, then the j-th and (j+1)-st eigenvalues are a complex conjugate pair, with alphai(j+1) negative.

For complex flavors:

On exit, alpha(j)/beta(j), j=1,..., n, are the generalized eigenvalues.

LAPACK 95 Interface Notes

Routines in Fortran 95 interface have fewer arguments in the calling sequence than their FORTRAN 77 counterparts. For general conventions applied to skip redundant or restorable arguments, see LAPACK 95 Interface Conventions.

Specific details for the routine ggev interface are the following:

a

Holds the matrix A of size (n, n).

b

Holds the matrix B of size (n, n).

alphar

Holds the vector of length n. Used in real flavors only.

alphai

Holds the vector of length n. Used in real flavors only.

alpha

Holds the vector of length n. Used in complex flavors only.

beta

Holds the vector of length n.

vl

Holds the matrix VL of size (n, n).

vr

Holds the matrix VR of size (n, n).

jobvl

Restored based on the presence of the argument vl as follows:

jobvl = 'V', if vl is present,

jobvl = 'N', if vl is omitted.

jobvr

Restored based on the presence of the argument vr as follows:

jobvr = 'V', if vr is present,

jobvr = 'N', if vr is omitted.

Application Notes

If you are in doubt how much workspace to supply, use a generous value of lwork for the first run or set lwork = -1.

If you choose the first option and set any of admissible lwork sizes, which is no less than the minimal value described, the routine completes the task, though probably not so fast as with a recommended workspace, and provides the recommended workspace in the first element of the corresponding array work on exit. Use this value (work(1)) for subsequent runs.

If you set lwork = -1, the routine returns immediately and provides the recommended workspace in the first element of the corresponding array (work). This operation is called a workspace query.

Note that if you set lwork to less than the minimal required value and not -1, the routine returns immediately with an error exit and does not provide any information on the recommended workspace.

The quotients alphar(j)/beta(j) and alphai(j)/beta(j) may easily over- or underflow, and beta(j) may even be zero. Thus, you should avoid simply computing the ratio. However, alphar and alphai (for real flavors) or alpha (for complex flavors) will be always less than and usually comparable with norm(A) in magnitude, and beta always less than and usually comparable with norm(B).

Parent topic: Generalized Nonsymmetric Eigenvalue Problems: LAPACK Driver Routines

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Developer Reference for Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library for Fortran

?ggev

Syntax

Include Files

Description

Input Parameters

Output Parameters

LAPACK 95 Interface Notes

Application Notes