fp-model, fp

Intel® Fortran Compiler Classic and Intel® Fortran Compiler Developer Guide and Reference

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ID 767251

Date 6/24/2024

Version

Public

Visible to Intel only — GUID: GUID-63514789-6BE7-4FA8-9389-F3B618A2EE1A

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fp-model, fp

Controls the semantics of floating-point calculations.

Syntax

Linux:

-fp-model=keyword

Windows:

/fp:keyword

Arguments

keyword

Specifies the semantics to be used. Possible values are:

precise	Disables optimizations that are not value-safe on floating-point data.
fast[=1\|2]	Enables more aggressive optimizations on floating-point data. On ifx, if you specify fast with no number, it is equivalent to fast=1. On ifort, there is currently no difference between fast=1 and fast=2.
consistent	Disables optimizations that are not value-safe on floating-point data and disables contraction (FMA) and selects math library functions that produce consistent results across different microarchitectural implementations of the same architecture.
strict	Enables precise, disables contractions, and enables the property that allows modification of the floating-point environment. On ifort, it also enables except.
source	Rounds intermediate results to source-defined precision.
[no-]except (Linux) or except[-] (Windows) (ifort only)	Determines whether strict floating-point exception semantics are honored.

Default

-fp-model=fast
or /fp:fast

The compiler uses more aggressive optimizations on floating-point calculations.

Description

This option controls the semantics of floating-point calculations.

The floating-point (FP) environment is a collection of registers that control the behavior of FP machine instructions and indicate the current FP status. The floating-point environment may include rounding-mode controls, exception masks, flush-to-zero controls, exception status flags, and other floating-point related features.

ifort:

The keywords can be considered in groups:

Group A: precise, fast, strict
Group B: source
Group C: except (or negative forms -no-except or /except-)
Group D: consistent

You can specify more than one keyword. However, the following rules apply:

You cannot specify fast and except together in the same compilation. You can specify any other combination of group A, group B, and group C.
Since fast is the default, you must not specify except without a group A or group B keyword.
You should specify only one keyword from group A and only one keyword from group B. If you try to specify more than one keyword from either group A or group B, the last (rightmost) one takes effect.
If you specify except more than once, the last (rightmost) one takes effect.
If you specify consistent and any other keyword from another group, the last (rightmost) one may not fully override the heuristics set by consistent.

Option	Description
-fp-model=precise or /fp:precise	Tells the compiler to strictly adhere to value-safe optimizations when implementing floating-point calculations. It disables optimizations that can change the result of floating-point calculations, which is required for strict ANSI conformance. These semantics ensure the reproducibility of floating-point computations for serial code, including code vectorized or auto-parallelized by the compiler, but they may slow performance. They do not ensure value safety or run-to-run reproducibility of other parallel code. Run-to-run reproducibility for floating-point reductions in OpenMP* code may be obtained for a fixed number of threads through the KMP_DETERMINISTIC_REDUCTION environment variable. For more information about this environment variable, see topic "Supported Environment Variables". The compiler assumes the default floating-point environment; you are not allowed to modify it. On ifort, floating-point exception semantics are disabled by default. To enable these semantics, you must also specify -fp-model=except or /fp:except.
-fp-model=fast[=1\|2] or /fp:fast[=1\|2]	Tells the compiler to use more aggressive optimizations when implementing floating-point calculations. These optimizations increase speed, but they may affect the accuracy or reproducibility of floating-point computations. ifx: Specifying fast is the same as specifying fast=1. Setting fast=1 (the default) recognizes and supports NaN and infinite values. Setting fast=2 does not; no NaN or infinite values will be used or produced. Setting fast or fast=1 sets option assume nan_compares; setting fast=2 sets option assume nonan_compares. ifort: Specifying fast is the same as specifying fast=2. With fast=2 floating-point compares happen as specified by the IEEE floating-point standard, in that the code sequence generated for them assumes a compare can involve a NaN. Setting fast or fast=2 sets option assume nan_compares. Floating-point exception semantics are disabled by default. To enable these semantics, you must also specify -fp-model=except or /fp:except.
-fp-model=consistent or /fp:consistent	Disables optimizations that are not value-safe on floating-point data and disables contraction (FMA) and selects math library functions that produce consistent results across different microarchitectural implementations of the same architecture. For more information, see the article titled: Consistency of Floating-Point Results using the Intel® Compiler.
-fp-model=strict or /fp:strict	Tells the compiler to strictly adhere to value-safe optimizations when implementing floating-point calculations and enables floating-point exception semantics. This is the strictest floating-point model. The compiler does not assume the default floating-point environment; you are allowed to modify it. On ifort, floating-point exception semantics can be disabled by explicitly specifying -fp-model=no-except or /fp:except-.
-fp-model=source or /fp:source	This option causes intermediate results to be rounded to the precision defined in the source code. It also implies keyword precise unless it is overridden by a keyword from Group A. It sets options -fprotect-parens and /Qprotect-parens. The compiler assumes the default floating-point environment; you are not allowed to modify it.
-fp-model=except or /fp:except (ifort only)	Tells the compiler to follow strict floating-point exception semantics.

The -fp-model and /fp options determine the setting for the maximum allowable relative error for math library function results (max-error) if none of the following options are specified:

-fimf-accuracy-bits (Linux*) or /Qimf-accuracy-bits (Windows*)
-fimf-max-error (Linux) or /Qimf-max-error (Windows)
-fimf-precision (Linux) or /Qimf-precision (Windows)
[Q]fast-transcendentals (ifort only)

Option -fp-model=fast (and /fp:fast) sets option -fimf-precision=medium (/Qimf-precision:medium) and option -fp-model=precise (and /fp:precise); it implies -fimf-precision=high (and /Qimf-precision:high).

On ifort, option -fp-model=fast=2 (and /fp:fast2) sets option -fimf-precision=medium (and /Qimf-precision:medium) and option -fimf-domain-exclusion=15 (and /Qimf-domain-exclusion=15).

NOTE:

This option cannot be used to change the default (source) precision for the calculation of intermediate results.

NOTE:

In Microsoft* Visual Studio, when you create a Visual Studio* Fortran project, option /fp:fast is set by default. It sets the floating-point model to use more aggressive optimizations when implementing floating-point calculations, which increase speed, but may affect the accuracy or reproducibility of floating-point computations. /fp:fast is the general default for the IDE project property for Floating Point Model.

Product and Performance Information
Performance varies by use, configuration and other factors. Learn more at www.Intel.com/PerformanceIndex. Notice revision #20201201

Product and Performance Information

Performance varies by use, configuration and other factors. Learn more at www.Intel.com/PerformanceIndex.

Notice revision #20201201

IDE Equivalent

Visual Studio: Floating Point > Floating Point Model

Floating Point > Reliable Floating Point Exceptions Model

Alternate Options

None

Parent topic: Floating-Point Options

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Intel® Fortran Compiler Classic and Intel® Fortran Compiler Developer Guide and Reference

fp-model, fp

Syntax

Arguments

Default

Description

IDE Equivalent

Alternate Options

See Also