Arria® V Device Handbook: Volume 2: Transceivers

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ID 683573
Date 5/29/2020
Public
Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. Transceiver Architecture in Arria V Devices 2. Transceiver Clocking in Arria V Devices 3. Transceiver Reset Control in Arria V Devices 4. Transceiver Protocol Configurations in Arria V Devices 5. Transceiver Custom Configurations in Arria V Devices 6. Transceiver Configurations in Arria V GZ Devices 7. Transceiver Loopback Support in Arria V Devices 8. Dynamic Reconfiguration in Arria V Devices
1. Transceiver Architecture in Arria V Devices x
1.1. Architecture Overview 1.2. PCS Architecture 1.3. Channel Bonding 1.4. PLL Sharing 1.5. Document Revision History
1.1. Architecture Overview x
1.1.1. Transceiver Banks 1.1.2. 10-Gbps Support Capability in GT and ST Devices 1.1.3. Transceiver Channel Architecture 1.1.4. PMA Architecture
1.1.2. 10-Gbps Support Capability in GT and ST Devices x
1.1.2.1. Enhanced Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP+) Interface 1.1.2.2. 10GBASE-KR Support 1.1.2.3. 9.8 Gbps CPRI Application
1.1.4. PMA Architecture x
1.1.4.1. Transmitter PMA Datapath 1.1.4.2. Receiver PMA Datapath 1.1.4.3. Transmitter PLL 1.1.4.4. Clock Divider 1.1.4.5. Calibration Block
1.1.4.1. Transmitter PMA Datapath x
1.1.4.1.1. Serializer 1.1.4.1.2. Transmitter Buffer
1.1.4.2. Receiver PMA Datapath x
1.1.4.2.1. Receiver Buffer 1.1.4.2.2. Channel PLL 1.1.4.2.3. Deserializer
1.1.4.3. Transmitter PLL x
1.1.4.3.1. Auxiliary Transmit (ATX) PLL Architecture 1.1.4.3.2. CMU PLL 1.1.4.3.3. fPLL as Transmitter PLL
1.1.4.5. Calibration Block x
1.1.4.5.1. Offset Cancellation in the Receiver Buffer and Receiver CDR 1.1.4.5.2. ATX PLL Calibration for Arria V GZ Devices 1.1.4.5.3. Calibration Block Boundary
1.2. PCS Architecture x
1.2.1. Transmitter PCS Datapath for Arria V GX, SX, GT, and ST Devices and Arria V GZ Standard PCS 1.2.2. Receiver PCS Datapath for Arria V GX, SX, GT, and ST Devices and Arria V GZ Standard PCS 1.2.3. 10G PCS Architecture for Arria V GZ Devices 1.2.4. PCIe Gen3 PCS Architecture
1.2.1. Transmitter PCS Datapath for Arria V GX, SX, GT, and ST Devices and Arria V GZ Standard PCS x
1.2.1.1. Transmitter Phase Compensation FIFO 1.2.1.2. Byte Serializer 1.2.1.3. 8B/10B Encoder 1.2.1.4. Transmitter Bit-Slip
1.2.1.1. Transmitter Phase Compensation FIFO x
1.2.1.1.1. Phase Compensation Mode 1.2.1.1.2. Registered Mode
1.2.1.3. 8B/10B Encoder x
1.2.1.3.1. 8B/10B Encoder in Single-Width Mode 1.2.1.3.2. 8B/10B Encoder in Double-Width Mode 1.2.1.3.3. Running Disparity Control 1.2.1.3.4. Encoder Output During Reset Sequence
1.2.2. Receiver PCS Datapath for Arria V GX, SX, GT, and ST Devices and Arria V GZ Standard PCS x
1.2.2.1. Word Aligner 1.2.2.2. Rate Match FIFO 1.2.2.3. 8B/10B Decoder 1.2.2.4. Byte Deserializer 1.2.2.5. Byte Ordering 1.2.2.6. Receiver Phase Compensation FIFO
1.2.2.1. Word Aligner x
1.2.2.1.1. Word Aligner in Manual Alignment Mode 1.2.2.1.2. Bit-Slip Mode 1.2.2.1.3. Word Aligner in Automatic Synchronization State Machine Mode 1.2.2.1.4. Word Aligner in Deterministic Latency State Machine Mode 1.2.2.1.5. Programmable Run-Length Violation Detection 1.2.2.1.6. Receiver Polarity Inversion 1.2.2.1.7. Bit Reversal 1.2.2.1.8. Receiver Byte Reversal
1.2.2.3. 8B/10B Decoder x
1.2.2.3.1. 8B/10B Decoder in Single-Width Mode 1.2.2.3.2. 8B/10B Decoder in Double-Width Mode
1.2.2.5. Byte Ordering x
1.2.2.5.1. Byte Ordering in Single-Width Mode 1.2.2.5.2. Byte Ordering in Double-Width Mode 1.2.2.5.3. Word Aligner-Based Ordering Mode 1.2.2.5.4. Manual Ordering Mode
1.2.2.6. Receiver Phase Compensation FIFO x
1.2.2.6.1. Phase Compensation Mode 1.2.2.6.2. Registered Mode
1.2.3. 10G PCS Architecture for Arria V GZ Devices x
1.2.3.1. Transmitter 10G PCS Datapath 1.2.3.2. Receiver 10G PCS Datapath
1.2.3.1. Transmitter 10G PCS Datapath x
1.2.3.1.1. Transmitter FIFO 1.2.3.1.2. Frame Generator 1.2.3.1.3. CRC-32 Generator 1.2.3.1.4. 64B/66B Encoder 1.2.3.1.5. Scrambler 1.2.3.1.6. Disparity Generator 1.2.3.1.7. Transmitter Gearbox
1.2.3.2. Receiver 10G PCS Datapath x
1.2.3.2.1. Receiver Gearbox 1.2.3.2.2. Block Synchronizer 1.2.3.2.3. Disparity Checker 1.2.3.2.4. Descrambler 1.2.3.2.5. Frame Synchronizer 1.2.3.2.6. Bit-Error Rate (BER) Monitor 1.2.3.2.7. 64B/66B Decoder 1.2.3.2.8. CRC-32 Checker 1.2.3.2.9. Receiver FIFO
1.2.4. PCIe Gen3 PCS Architecture x
1.2.4.1. Transmitter PCIe Gen3 PCS Datapath 1.2.4.2. Receiver PCIe Gen3 PCS Datapath 1.2.4.3. PIPE Interface
1.2.4.1. Transmitter PCIe Gen3 PCS Datapath x
1.2.4.1.1. Phase Compensation FIFO (Shared with Standard PCS) 1.2.4.1.2. Scrambler 1.2.4.1.3. Encoder 1.2.4.1.4. Gearbox
1.2.4.2. Receiver PCIe Gen3 PCS Datapath x
1.2.4.2.1. Block Sync 1.2.4.2.2. Rate Match FIFO 1.2.4.2.3. Decoder 1.2.4.2.4. Descrambler
1.2.4.3. PIPE Interface x
1.2.4.3.1. Auto Speed Negotiation Block 1.2.4.3.2. Electrical Idle Inference Block 1.2.4.3.3. Clock Data Recovery (CDR) Control Block
1.3. Channel Bonding x
1.3.1. Bonded Channel Configurations 1.3.2. Non-Bonded Channel Configurations
2. Transceiver Clocking in Arria V Devices x
2.1. Input Reference Clocking 2.2. Internal Clocking 2.3. FPGA Fabric–Transceiver Interface Clocking 2.4. Document Revision History
2.1. Input Reference Clocking x
2.1.1. Reference Clock Network 2.1.2. Dual-Purpose RX/refclk Pin 2.1.3. Fractional PLL (fPLL)
2.2. Internal Clocking x
2.2.1. Transmitter Clock Network 2.2.2. Transmitter Clocking 2.2.3. Receiver Clocking
2.2.2. Transmitter Clocking x
2.2.2.1. Non-Bonded Channel Configurations 2.2.2.2. Bonded Channel Configurations
2.2.3. Receiver Clocking x
2.2.3.1. Receiver Non-Bonded Channel Configurations 2.2.3.2. Receiver Bonded Channel Configurations
2.3. FPGA Fabric–Transceiver Interface Clocking x
2.3.1. Transceiver Datapath Interface Clocking 2.3.2. Transmitter Datapath Interface Clocking 2.3.3. Receiver Datapath Interface Clock 2.3.4. GXB 0 PPM Core Clock Assignment for GZ Devices
2.3.2. Transmitter Datapath Interface Clocking x
2.3.2.1. Quartus II-Software Selected Transmitter Datapath Interface Clock 2.3.2.2. Selecting a Transmitter Datapath Interface Clock
2.3.3. Receiver Datapath Interface Clock x
2.3.3.1. Quartus II Software-Selected Receiver Datapath Interface Clock 2.3.3.2. Selecting a Receiver Datapath Interface Clock
3. Transceiver Reset Control in Arria V Devices x
3.1. PHY IP Embedded Reset Controller 3.2. User-Coded Reset Controller 3.3. Transceiver Reset Using Avalon Memory Map Registers 3.4. Clock Data Recovery in Manual Lock Mode Resetting the Transceiver During Dynamic Reconfiguration 3.6. Transceiver Blocks Affected by the Reset and Powerdown Signals 3.7. Transceiver Power-Down 3.8. Document Revision History
3.1. PHY IP Embedded Reset Controller x
3.1.1. Embedded Reset Controller Signals 3.1.2. Resetting the Transceiver with the PHY IP Embedded Reset Controller During Device Power-Up 3.1.3. Resetting the Transceiver with the PHY IP Embedded Reset Controller During Device Operation
3.2. User-Coded Reset Controller x
3.2.1. User-Coded Reset Controller Signals 3.2.2. Resetting the Transmitter with the User-Coded Reset Controller During Device Power-Up 3.2.3. Resetting the Transmitter with the User-Coded Reset Controller During Device Operation 3.2.4. Resetting the Receiver with the User-Coded Reset Controller During Device Power-Up Configuration 3.2.5. Resetting the Receiver with the User-Coded Reset Controller During Device Operation
3.3. Transceiver Reset Using Avalon Memory Map Registers x
3.3.1. Transceiver Reset Control Signals Using Avalon Memory Map Registers
3.4. Clock Data Recovery in Manual Lock Mode x
3.4.1. Control Settings for CDR Manual Lock Mode 3.4.2. Resetting the Transceiver in CDR Manual Lock Mode
4. Transceiver Protocol Configurations in Arria V Devices x
4.1. PCI Express 4.2. Gigabit Ethernet 4.3. XAUI 4.4. 10GBASE-R 4.5. Serial Digital Interface 4.6. Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) 4.7. Serial Data Converter (SDC) JESD204 4.8. SATA and SAS Protocols 4.9. Deterministic Latency Protocols—CPRI and OBSAI 4.10. Serial RapidIO 4.11. Document Revision History
4.1. PCI Express x
4.1.1. PCIe Transceiver Datapath 4.1.2. PCIe Supported Features 4.1.3. PIPE Transceiver Channel Placement Guidelines 4.1.4. PCIe Supported Configurations and Placement Guidelines 4.1.5. PIPE Transceiver Clocking
4.1.2. PCIe Supported Features x
4.1.2.1. PIPE Interface 4.1.2.2. Transmitter Electrical Idle Generation 4.1.2.3. Power State Management 4.1.2.4. 8B/10B Encoder Usage for Compliance Pattern Transmission Support 4.1.2.5. Receiver Status 4.1.2.6. Receiver Detection 4.1.2.7. Clock Rate Compensation Up to ±300 ppm 4.1.2.8. PCIe Reverse Parallel Loopback
4.2. Gigabit Ethernet x
4.2.1. Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Datapath
4.3. XAUI x
4.3.1. Transceiver Datapath in a XAUI Configuration 4.3.2. XAUI Supported Features 4.3.3. Transceiver Clocking and Channel Placement Guidelines in XAUI Configuration
4.4. 10GBASE-R x
4.4.1. 10GBASE-R Transceiver Datapath Configuration 4.4.2. 10GBASE-R Supported Features 4.4.3. 10GBASE-R Transceiver Clocking
4.5. Serial Digital Interface x
4.5.1. Configurations Supported in SDI Mode 4.5.2. Serial Digital Interface Transceiver Datapath
4.9. Deterministic Latency Protocols—CPRI and OBSAI x
4.9.1. Latency Uncertainty Removal with the Phase Compensation FIFO in Register Mode 4.9.2. Channel PLL Feedback for Deterministic Relationship 4.9.3. CPRI and OBSAI 4.9.4. CPRI Enhancements
5. Transceiver Custom Configurations in Arria V Devices x
5.1. Standard PCS Configuration 5.2. Standard PCS in Low Latency Configuration 5.3. PMA Direct 5.4. Document Revision History
5.1. Standard PCS Configuration x
5.1.1. Custom Configuration Channel Options 5.1.2. Rate Match FIFO in Custom Configuration
5.1.2. Rate Match FIFO in Custom Configuration x
5.1.2.1. Rate Match FIFO Behaviors in Custom Single-Width Mode 5.1.2.2. Rate Match FIFO Behaviors in Custom Double-Width Mode
5.2. Standard PCS in Low Latency Configuration x
5.2.1. Low Latency Custom Configuration Channel Options
6. Transceiver Configurations in Arria V GZ Devices x
6.1. 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR 6.2. Interlaken 6.3. PCI Express (PCIe)—Gen1, Gen2, and Gen3 6.4. XAUI 6.5. CPRI and OBSAI—Deterministic Latency Protocols 6.6. Transceiver Configurations 6.7. Native PHY IP Configuration 6.8. Document Revision History
6.1. 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR x
6.1.1. 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Transceiver Datapath Configuration 6.1.2. 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Supported Features 6.1.3. 1000BASE-X and 1000BASE-KX Transceiver Datapath 6.1.4. 1000BASE-X and 1000BASE-KX Supported Features 6.1.5. Synchronization State Machine Parameters in 1000BASE-X and 1000BASE-KX Configurations 6.1.6. Transceiver Clocking in 10GBASE-R, 10GBASE-KR, 1000BASE-X, and 1000BASE-KX Configurations
6.2. Interlaken x
6.2.1. Transceiver Datapath Configuration 6.2.2. Supported Features 6.2.3. Transceiver Clocking
6.3. PCI Express (PCIe)—Gen1, Gen2, and Gen3 x
6.3.1. Transceiver Datapath Configuration 6.3.2. Supported Features for PCIe Configurations 6.3.3. Supported Features for PCIe Gen3 6.3.4. Transceiver Clocking and Channel Placement Guidelines 6.3.5. Advanced Channel Placement Guidelines for PIPE Configurations 6.3.6. Transceiver Clocking for PCIe Gen3
6.4. XAUI x
6.4.1. Transceiver Datapath in a XAUI Configuration 6.4.2. Supported Features 6.4.3. Transceiver Clocking and Channel Placement Guidelines
6.5. CPRI and OBSAI—Deterministic Latency Protocols x
6.5.1. Transceiver Datapath Configuration 6.5.2. Phase Compensation FIFO in Register Mode 6.5.3. Channel PLL Feedback 6.5.4. CPRI and OBSAI
6.6. Transceiver Configurations x
6.6.1. Standard PCS Configurations—Custom Datapath 6.6.2. Standard PCS Configurations—Low Latency Datapath 6.6.3. Transceiver Channel Placement Guidelines 6.6.4. 10G PCS Configurations 6.6.5. Merging Instances
6.6.4. 10G PCS Configurations x
6.6.4.1. 10G PCS Datapath Functionality 6.6.4.2. Using the coreclkin Ports
6.7. Native PHY IP Configuration x
6.7.1. Protocols and Transceiver PHY IP Support 6.7.2. Native PHY Transceiver Datapath Configuration 6.7.3. Standard PCS Features 6.7.4. 10G PCS Supported Features 6.7.5. 10G Datapath Configurations with Native PHY IP 6.7.6. PMA Direct Supported Features 6.7.7. Channel and PCS Datapath Dynamic Switching Reconfiguration
6.7.3. Standard PCS Features x
6.7.3.1. Standard PCS Receiver and Transmitter Blocks
6.7.4. 10G PCS Supported Features x
6.7.4.1. 10G PCS Receiver and Transmitter Blocks 6.7.4.2. Receiver and Transmit Gearbox in Native PHY IP
7. Transceiver Loopback Support in Arria V Devices x
7.1. Serial Loopback 7.2. Forward Parallel Loopback 7.3. PIPE Reverse Parallel Loopback 7.4. Reverse Serial Loopback 7.5. Reverse Serial Pre-CDR Loopback 7.6. Document Revision History
8. Dynamic Reconfiguration in Arria V Devices x
8.1. Dynamic Reconfiguration Features 8.2. Offset Cancellation 8.3. Transmitter Duty Cycle Distortion Calibration 8.4. PMA Analog Controls Reconfiguration 8.5. Dynamic Reconfiguration of Loopback Modes 8.6. Transceiver PLL Reconfiguration 8.7. Transceiver Channel Reconfiguration 8.8. Transceiver Interface Reconfiguration 8.9. Reduced .mif Reconfiguration 8.10. On-Chip Signal Quality Monitoring (Eye Viewer) 8.11. Adaptive Equalization 8.12. Decision Feedback Equalization 8.13. Unsupported Reconfiguration Modes 8.14. Document Revision History
1. Transceiver Architecture in Arria V Devices
2. Transceiver Clocking in Arria V Devices
3. Transceiver Reset Control in Arria V Devices
4. Transceiver Protocol Configurations in Arria V Devices
5. Transceiver Custom Configurations in Arria V Devices
6. Transceiver Configurations in Arria V GZ Devices
7. Transceiver Loopback Support in Arria V Devices
8. Dynamic Reconfiguration in Arria V Devices

1.2.2.2. Rate Match FIFO

The Rate Match FIFO compensates for the small clock frequency differences between the upstream transmitter and the local receiver clocks.

In a link where the upstream transmitter and local receiver can be clocked with independent reference clock sources, the data can be corrupted by any frequency differences (in ppm count) when crossing the data from the recovered clock domain—the same clock domain as the upstream transmitter reference clock—to the local receiver reference clock domain.

The rate match FIFO is 20 words deep, which compensates for the small clock frequency differences of up to ±300 ppm (600 ppm total) between the upstream transmitter and the local receiver clocks by performing symbol insertion or deletion, depending on the ppm difference on the clocks.

The rate match FIFO operation requires that the transceiver channel is in duplex configuration (both transmit and receive functions) and a predefined 20-bit pattern (consisting of a 10-bit control pattern and a 10-bit skip pattern). The 10-bit skip pattern must be chosen from a code group with neutral disparity.

The FIFO operates by looking for the 10-bit control pattern, followed by the 10-bit skip pattern in the data after the word aligner has restored the word boundary. After finding the pattern, the FIFO performs the following operations to ensure the FIFO does not underflow or overflow:

  • Inserts the 10-bit skip pattern when the local receiver reference clock frequency is greater than the upstream transmitter reference clock frequency
  • Deletes the 10-bit skip pattern when the local receiver reference clock frequency is less than the upstream transmitter reference clock frequency

The rate match FIFO supports operations in single- and double-width modes. You can define the 20-bit pattern for custom configurations. For protocol configurations, the FIFO is automatically configured to support a clock rate compensation function as required by the following specifications:

  • The PCIe protocol per clock tolerance compensation requirement, as specified in the PCI Express Base Specification 2.0 for Gen1 and Gen2 signaling rates and PCI Express Base Specification 3.0 for Gen1, Gen2, and Gen3 signaling rates (Arria V GZ only).
  • The Gbps Ethernet (GbE) protocol per clock rate compensation requirement using an idle ordered set, as specified in Clause 36 of the IEEE 802.3 specification
Note: For the Gigabit Ethernet protocol, if you enabled rate match FIFO in the autonegotiation state machine in an FPGA core, refer to the "Rate Match FIFO" section in the "Gigabit Ethernet" section in the Transceiver Protocol Configurations in Arria V Devices chapter.
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