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6.1.2. 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Supported Features
64-Bit Single Data Rate (SDR) Interface to the MAC/RS in 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Configurations
Clause 46 of the IEEE 802.3-2008 specification defines the XGMII interface between the 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR PCS and the Ethernet MAC/RS. The XGMII interface defines the 32-bit data and 4-bit wide control character clocked between the MAC/RS and the PCS at both the positive and negative edge (double data rate – DDR) of the 156.25 MHz interface clock.
The transceivers do not support the XGMII interface to the MAC/RS as defined in the IEEE 802.3-2008 specification. Instead, they support a 64-bit data and 8-bit control SDR interface between the MAC/RS and the PCS.
64B/66B Encoding/Decoding in 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Configurations
The transceivers in 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR configurations support 64B/66B encoding and decoding as specified in Clause 49 of the IEEE802.3-2008 specification. The 64B/66B encoder receives 64-bit data and 8-bit control code from the transmitter FIFO and converts it into 66-bit encoded data. The 66-bit encoded data contains two overhead sync header bits that the receiver PCS uses for block synchronization and bit-error rate (BER) monitoring.
The 64B/66B encoding also ensures enough transitions on the serial data stream for the receiver clock data recovery (CDR) to maintain its lock on the incoming data.
Transmitter and Receiver State Machines in 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Configurations
The transceivers in 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR configurations implement the transmitter and receiver state diagrams shown in Figure 49-14 and Figure 49-15 of the IEEE802.3-2008 specification.
Besides encoding the raw data specified in the 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR PCS, the transmitter state diagram performs functions such as transmitting local faults (LBLOCK_T) under reset, as well as transmitting error codes (EBLOCK_T) when the 10GBASE-R PCS rules are violated.
Besides decoding the incoming data specified in the 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR PCS, the receiver state diagram performs functions such as sending local faults (LBLOCK_R) to the MAC/RS under reset and substituting error codes (EBLOCK_R) when the 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR PCS rules are violated.
Block Synchronizer in 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Configurations
The block synchronizer in the receiver PCS determines when the receiver has obtained lock to the received data stream. It implements the lock state diagram shown in Figure 49-12 of the IEEE 802.3-2008 specification.
The block synchronizer provides a status signal to indicate whether it has achieved block synchronization or not.
Self-Synchronous Scrambling/Descrambling in 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Configurations
The scrambler/descrambler blocks in the transmitter/receiver PCS implements the self-synchronizing scrambler/descrambler polynomial 1 + x39 + x58, as described in clause 49 of the IEEE 802.3-2008 specification. The scrambler/descrambler blocks are self-synchronizing and do not require an initialization seed. Barring the two sync header bits in each 66-bit data block, the entire payload is scrambled or descrambled.
BER Monitor in 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Configurations
The BER monitor block in the receiver PCS implements the BER monitor state diagram shown in Figure 49-13 of the IEEE 802.3-2008 specification. The BER monitor provides a status signal to the MAC whenever the link BER threshold is violated.
The 10GBASE-R core and the 1G/10GbE and 10GBASE-KR PHY IP core (10GBASE-KR mode) provide a status flag to indicate a high BER whenever 16 synchronization header errors are received within a 125 μs window.
Clock Compensation in 10GBASE-R and 10GBASE-KR Configurations
The receiver FIFO in the receiver PCS datapath compensates up to ±100 ppm difference between the remote transmitter and the local receiver. The receiver FIFO does so by inserting Idles (/I/) and deleting Idles (/I/) or Ordered Sets (/O/), depending on the ppm difference.
- Idle Insertion — The receiver FIFO inserts eight /I/ codes following an /I/ or /O/ to compensate for clock rate disparity.
- Idle (/I/) or Sequence Ordered Set (/O/) Deletion — The receiver FIFO deletes either four /I/ codes or ordered sets (/O/) to compensate for the clock rate disparity. The receiver FIFO implements the following IEEE802.3-2008 deletion rules:
- Deletes the lower four /I/ codes of the current word when the upper four bytes of the current word do not contain a Terminate /T/ control character.
- Deletes one /O/ ordered set only when the receiver FIFO receives two consecutive /O/ ordered sets.
10GBASE-KR and 1000BASE-KX Link Training
The Link Training function defined in clause 72 of IEEE 802.3ap-2007 specification is implemented in the core fabric. The 1G/10GbE and 10GBASE-KR PHY IP Link Training logic includes the Training Frame Generator, Training Frame Synchronizer, PRBS11 generator, control channel codec, Local Device (LD) transceiver transmit PMA pre-emphasis coefficient status reporting, the Link Partner (LP) transmit PMA pre-emphasis coefficient update request, and the receiver link training status.
Arria V GZ channels employ three PMA transmit driver pre-emphasis taps: pre-tap, main tap, and first post-tap as required and defined by clause 72, Section 72.7.1.10 Transmitter output waveform for 10GBASE-KR PHY operation. The pre-emphasis coefficients is dynamically adjusted by the PHY IP during the Link Training process.
10GBASE-KR and 1000BASE-KX Auto-Negotiation
The Auto-Negotiation function defined in clause 73 of IEEE 802.3ap-2007 specification must be implemented in the core fabric. The 1G/10GbE and 10GBASE-KR PHY IP Auto-Negotiation logic includes the Differential Manchester Encoding (DME) page codec, AN page lock and synchronizer, and the Transmit, Receive, and Arbitration logic state machines.
10GBASE-KR Forward Error Correction
The FEC function defined in clause 74 of IEEE 802.3ap-2007 specification must be implemented in the core fabric. In Arria V GZ devices, the hard PCS does not support applications that require FEC functionality. To implement a 10GBASE-KR link with FEC support, the entire PCS functionality and the FEC logic must be implemented in the core fabric and the transceiver configured in Low Latency Configuration using the Native PHY IP.