Cyclone V Device Handbook: Volume 2: Transceivers

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ID 683586
Date 10/24/2018
Public
Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. Transceiver Architecture in Cyclone V Devices 2. Transceiver Clocking in Cyclone V Devices 3. Transceiver Reset Control in Cyclone V Devices 4. Transceiver Protocol Configurations in Cyclone V Devices 5. Transceiver Custom Configurations in Cyclone V Devices 6. Transceiver Loopback Support 7. Dynamic Reconfiguration in Cyclone V Devices
1. Transceiver Architecture in Cyclone V Devices x
1.1. Architecture Overview 1.2. PMA Architecture 1.3. PCS Architecture 1.4. Channel Bonding 1.5. PLL Sharing 1.6. Document Revision History
1.1. Architecture Overview x
1.1.1. Transceiver Banks 1.1.2. 6.144 Gbps CPRI Support Capability in GT Devices 1.1.3. Transceiver Channel Architecture
1.1.1. Transceiver Banks x
1.1.1.1. Usage Restrictions on Specific Channels
1.2. PMA Architecture x
1.2.1. Transmitter PMA Datapath 1.2.2. Receiver PMA Datapath 1.2.3. Transmitter PLL 1.2.4. Clock Divider 1.2.5. Calibration Block
1.2.1. Transmitter PMA Datapath x
1.2.1.1. Serializer 1.2.1.2. Transmitter Buffer
1.2.1.1. Serializer x
1.2.1.1.1. Transmitter Polarity Inversion 1.2.1.1.2. Bit Reversal
1.2.1.2. Transmitter Buffer x
1.2.1.2.1. Transmitter Buffer Features and Capabilities 1.2.1.2.2. Programmable Transmitter Analog Settings 1.2.1.2.3. Programmable Transmitter VCM 1.2.1.2.4. Programmable Transmitter Differential OCT 1.2.1.2.5. Transmitter Protocol Specific
1.2.2. Receiver PMA Datapath x
1.2.2.1. Receiver Buffer 1.2.2.2. Deserializer
1.2.2.1. Receiver Buffer x
1.2.2.1.1. Programmable CTLE and DC Gain 1.2.2.1.2. Programmable Receiver VCM 1.2.2.1.3. Programmable Receiver Differential On-Chip Termination 1.2.2.1.4. Signal Threshold Detection Circuitry
1.2.2.2. Deserializer x
1.2.2.2.1. Clock-slip
1.2.3. Transmitter PLL x
1.2.3.1. Channel PLL Architecture 1.2.3.2. Channel PLL as CDR PLL 1.2.3.3. Channel PLL as a CMU PLL 1.2.3.4. fPLL as a Transmitter PLL
1.2.3.2. Channel PLL as CDR PLL x
1.2.3.2.1. Lock-to-Reference Mode 1.2.3.2.2. Lock-to-Data Mode 1.2.3.2.3. CDR PLL in Automatic Lock Mode 1.2.3.2.4. CDR PLL in Manual Lock Mode
1.3. PCS Architecture x
1.3.1. Transmitter PCS Datapath 1.3.2. Receiver PCS Datapath
1.3.1. Transmitter PCS Datapath x
1.3.1.1. Transmitter Phase Compensation FIFO 1.3.1.2. Byte Serializer 1.3.1.3. 8B/10B Encoder 1.3.1.4. Transmitter Bit-Slip
1.3.1.1. Transmitter Phase Compensation FIFO x
1.3.1.1.1. Registered Mode 1.3.1.1.2. Phase Compensation Mode
1.3.1.2. Byte Serializer x
1.3.1.2.1. Byte Serializer in Single-Width Mode 1.3.1.2.2. Byte Serializer in Double-Width Mode
1.3.1.3. 8B/10B Encoder x
1.3.1.3.1. 8B/10B Encoder in Single-Width Mode 1.3.1.3.2. 8B/10B Encoder in Double-Width Mode 1.3.1.3.3. Running Disparity Control 1.3.1.3.4. Control Code Encoding 1.3.1.3.5. Reset Condition 1.3.1.3.6. Encoder Output During Reset Sequence
1.3.2. Receiver PCS Datapath x
1.3.2.1. Word Aligner 1.3.2.2. Rate Match FIFO 1.3.2.3. 8B/10B Decoder 1.3.2.4. Byte Deserializer 1.3.2.5. Byte Ordering 1.3.2.6. Receiver Phase Compensation FIFO
1.3.2.1. Word Aligner x
1.3.2.1.1. Word Aligner Options and Behaviors 1.3.2.1.2. Word Aligner in Manual Alignment Mode 1.3.2.1.3. Word Aligner in Bit-Slip Mode 1.3.2.1.4. Word Aligner in Automatic Synchronization State Machine Mode 1.3.2.1.5. Word Aligner in Automatic Synchronization State Machine Mode with a 10-Bit PMA-PCS Interface Configuration 1.3.2.1.6. Word Aligner Operations in Deterministic Latency State Machine Mode 1.3.2.1.7. Programmable Run-Length Violation Detection 1.3.2.1.8. Receiver Polarity Inversion 1.3.2.1.9. Bit Reversal 1.3.2.1.10. Receiver Byte Reversal
1.3.2.3. 8B/10B Decoder x
1.3.2.3.1. 8B/10B Decoder in Single-Width Mode 1.3.2.3.2. 8B/10B Decoder in Double-Width Mode 1.3.2.3.3. Control Code Group Detection
1.3.2.4. Byte Deserializer x
1.3.2.4.1. Byte Deserializer in Single-Width Mode 1.3.2.4.2. Byte Deserializer in Double-Width Mode
1.3.2.5. Byte Ordering x
1.3.2.5.1. Byte Ordering in Single-Width Mode 1.3.2.5.2. Byte Ordering in Double-Width Mode 1.3.2.5.3. Word Aligner-Based Ordering Mode 1.3.2.5.4. Manual Ordering Mode
1.3.2.6. Receiver Phase Compensation FIFO x
1.3.2.6.1. Registered Mode
2. Transceiver Clocking in Cyclone V Devices x
2.1. Input Reference Clocking 2.2. Internal Clocking 2.3. FPGA Fabric–Transceiver Interface Clocking 2.4. Document Revision History
2.1. Input Reference Clocking x
2.1.1. Dedicated Reference Clock Pins 2.1.2. Fractional PLL (fPLL)
2.1.1. Dedicated Reference Clock Pins x
2.1.1.1. Dedicated refclk Using the Reference Clock Network 2.1.1.2. Dual-Purpose RX/refclk Pins
2.2. Internal Clocking x
2.2.1. Transmitter Clock Network 2.2.2. Transmitter Clocking 2.2.3. Receiver Clocking
2.2.2. Transmitter Clocking x
2.2.2.1. Non-Bonded Channel Configurations 2.2.2.2. Bonded Channel Configurations
2.2.3. Receiver Clocking x
2.2.3.1. Receiver Non-Bonded Channel Configurations 2.2.3.2. Receiver Bonded Channel Configurations
2.3. FPGA Fabric–Transceiver Interface Clocking x
2.3.1. Transceiver Datapath Interface Clocking 2.3.2. Transmitter Datapath Interface Clocking 2.3.3. Receiver Datapath Interface Clock
2.3.2. Transmitter Datapath Interface Clocking x
2.3.2.1. Quartus II-Software Selected Transmitter Datapath Interface Clock 2.3.2.2. Selecting a Transmitter Datapath Interface Clock
2.3.3. Receiver Datapath Interface Clock x
2.3.3.1. Quartus II Software-Selected Receiver Datapath Interface Clock 2.3.3.2. Selecting a Receiver Datapath Interface Clock
3. Transceiver Reset Control in Cyclone V Devices x
3.1. PHY IP Embedded Reset Controller 3.2. User-Coded Reset Controller 3.3. Transceiver Reset Using Avalon Memory Map Registers 3.4. Clock Data Recovery in Manual Lock Mode Resetting the Transceiver During Dynamic Reconfiguration 3.6. Transceiver Blocks Affected by the Reset and Powerdown Signals 3.7. Transceiver Power-Down 3.8. Document Revision History
3.1. PHY IP Embedded Reset Controller x
3.1.1. Embedded Reset Controller Signals 3.1.2. Resetting the Transceiver with the PHY IP Embedded Reset Controller During Device Power-Up 3.1.3. Resetting the Transceiver with the PHY IP Embedded Reset Controller During Device Operation
3.2. User-Coded Reset Controller x
3.2.1. User-Coded Reset Controller Signals 3.2.2. Resetting the Transmitter with the User-Coded Reset Controller During Device Power-Up 3.2.3. Resetting the Transmitter with the User-Coded Reset Controller During Device Operation 3.2.4. Resetting the Receiver with the User-Coded Reset Controller During Device Power-Up Configuration 3.2.5. Resetting the Receiver with the User-Coded Reset Controller During Device Operation
3.3. Transceiver Reset Using Avalon Memory Map Registers x
3.3.1. Transceiver Reset Control Signals Using Avalon Memory Map Registers
3.4. Clock Data Recovery in Manual Lock Mode x
3.4.1. Control Settings for CDR Manual Lock Mode 3.4.2. Resetting the Transceiver in CDR Manual Lock Mode
4. Transceiver Protocol Configurations in Cyclone V Devices x
4.1. PCI Express 4.2. Gigabit Ethernet 4.3. XAUI 4.4. Serial Digital Interface 4.5. Serial Data Converter (SDC) JESD204 4.6. SATA and SAS Protocols 4.7. Deterministic Latency Protocols—CPRI and OBSAI 4.8. Document Revision History
4.1. PCI Express x
4.1.1. PCIe Transceiver Datapath 4.1.2. PCIe Supported Features 4.1.3. PCIe Supported Configurations and Placement Guidelines
4.1.2. PCIe Supported Features x
4.1.2.1. PIPE Interface 4.1.2.2. Transmitter Electrical Idle Generation 4.1.2.3. Power State Management 4.1.2.4. 8B/10B Encoder Usage for Compliance Pattern Transmission Support 4.1.2.5. Receiver Status 4.1.2.6. Receiver Detection 4.1.2.7. Clock Rate Compensation Up to ±300 ppm 4.1.2.8. PCIe Reverse Parallel Loopback
4.2. Gigabit Ethernet x
4.2.1. Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Datapath
4.3. XAUI x
4.3.1. Transceiver Datapath in a XAUI Configuration 4.3.2. XAUI Supported Features 4.3.3. Transceiver Clocking and Channel Placement Guidelines in XAUI Configuration
4.4. Serial Digital Interface x
4.4.1. Configurations Supported in SDI Mode 4.4.2. Serial Digital Interface Transceiver Datapath
4.7. Deterministic Latency Protocols—CPRI and OBSAI x
4.7.1. Latency Uncertainty Removal with the Phase Compensation FIFO in Register Mode 4.7.2. Channel PLL Feedback for Deterministic Relationship 4.7.3. CPRI and OBSAI 4.7.4. 6.144-Gbps Support Capability in Cyclone V GT Devices 4.7.5. CPRI Enhancements
5. Transceiver Custom Configurations in Cyclone V Devices x
5.1. Standard PCS Configuration 5.2. Standard PCS in Low Latency Configuration 5.3. Document Revision History
5.1. Standard PCS Configuration x
5.1.1. Custom Configuration Channel Options 5.1.2. Rate Match FIFO in Custom Configuration
5.1.2. Rate Match FIFO in Custom Configuration x
5.1.2.1. Rate Match FIFO Behaviors in Custom Single-Width Mode 5.1.2.2. Rate Match FIFO Behaviors in Custom Double-Width Mode
5.2. Standard PCS in Low Latency Configuration x
5.2.1. Low Latency Custom Configuration Channel Options
6. Transceiver Loopback Support x
6.1. Serial Loopback 6.2. Forward Parallel Loopback 6.3. PIPE Reverse Parallel Loopback 6.4. Reverse Serial Loopback 6.5. Reverse Serial Pre-CDR Loopback 6.6. Document Revision History
7. Dynamic Reconfiguration in Cyclone V Devices x
7.1. Dynamic Reconfiguration Features 7.2. Offset Cancellation 7.3. Transmitter Duty Cycle Distortion Calibration 7.4. PMA Analog Controls Reconfiguration 7.5. Dynamic Reconfiguration of Loopback Modes 7.6. Transceiver PLL Reconfiguration 7.7. Transceiver Channel Reconfiguration 7.8. Transceiver Interface Reconfiguration 7.9. Reduced .mif Reconfiguration 7.10. Unsupported Reconfiguration Modes 7.11. Document Revision History
1. Transceiver Architecture in Cyclone V Devices
2. Transceiver Clocking in Cyclone V Devices
3. Transceiver Reset Control in Cyclone V Devices
4. Transceiver Protocol Configurations in Cyclone V Devices
5. Transceiver Custom Configurations in Cyclone V Devices
6. Transceiver Loopback Support
7. Dynamic Reconfiguration in Cyclone V Devices

1.2.1.2. Transmitter Buffer

Transmitter buffers support the programmable analog settings (differential output voltage and pre-emphasis), common-mode voltage (TX VCM), and OCT.

The transmitter buffer includes additional circuitry to improve integrity, such as the programmable differential output voltage (VOD), programmable three-tap pre-emphasis circuitry, internal termination circuitry, and PCIe receiver detect capability to support a PCIe configuration.

Modifying programmable values withing transmitter output buffers can be performed by a single reconfiguration controller for the entire FPGA, or multiple reconfiguration controllers if desired. Within each transceiver bank (three-transceiver channels), a maximum of one reconfiguration controller is allowed. There is only one slave interface to all PLLs and PMAs within each transceiver bank. Therefore, many transceiver banks can be connected to a single reconfiguration controller, but only one reconfiguration controller can be connected to the transceiver bank (three-transceiver channels).

Note: A maximum of one reconfiguration controller is allowed per transceiver bank.
Figure 9. Transmitter Buffer Block Diagram in Cyclone V Devices
Table 4.  Description of the Transmitter Buffer Features Features provided by the Pseudo Current Mode Logic (PCML) output buffer to the integrated circuitry.
Category Features Description
Improve Signal Integrity Programmable Differential Output Voltage (VOD) Controls the current mode drivers for signal amplitude to handle different trace lengths, various backplanes, and receiver requirements. The actual VOD level is a function of the current setting and the transmitter termination value.
Programmable Pre-Emphasis

Boosts the high-frequency components of the transmitted signal, which may be attenuated when propagating through the transmission medium. The physical transmission medium can be represented as a low-pass filter in the frequency domain. Variation in the signal frequency response that is caused by attenuation significantly increases the data-dependent jitter and other intersymbol interference (ISI) effects at the receiver end. Use the pre-emphasis feature to maximize the data opening at the far-end receiver.

Programmable Slew Rate Controls the rate of change for the signal transition.
Save Board Space and Cost On-Chip Biasing Establishes the required transmitter common-mode voltage (TX VCM) level at the transmitter output. The circuitry is available only if you enable OCT. When you disable OCT, you must implement off-chip biasing circuitry to establish the required TX VCM level.
Differential OCT

The termination resistance is adjusted by the calibration circuitry, which compensates for PVT.

You can disable OCT and use external termination. However, you must implement off-chip biasing circuitry to establish the required TX VCM level. TX VCM is tri-stated when you use external termination.

Reduce Power Programmable VCM Current Strength Controls the impedance of VCM. A higher impedance setting reduces current consumption from the on-chip biasing circuitry.
Protocol-Specific Function Transmitter Output Tri-State

Enables the transmitter differential pair voltages to be held constant at the same value determined by the TX VCM level with the transmitter in the high impedance state.

This feature is compliant with differential and common-mode voltage levels and operation time requirements for transmitter electrical idle, as specified in the PCI Express Base Specification 2.0 for Gen1 and Gen2 signaling rates.

Receiver Detect

Provides link partner detection capability at the transmitter end using an analog mechanism for the receiver detection sequence during link initialization in the Detect state of the PCIe Link Training and Status State Machine (LTSSM) states. The circuit detects if there is a receiver downstream by changing the transmitter common-mode voltage to create a step voltage and measuring the resulting voltage rise time.

For proper functionality, the series capacitor (AC-coupled link) and receiver termination values must comply with the PCI Express Base Specification 2.0 for Gen1 and Gen2 signaling rates. The circuit is clocked using fixedclk and requires an enabled transmitter OCT with the output tri-stated.


Section Content
Transmitter Buffer Features and Capabilities
Programmable Transmitter Analog Settings
Programmable Transmitter VCM
Programmable Transmitter Differential OCT
Transmitter Protocol Specific

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