Intel® Fortran Compiler Classic and Intel® Fortran Compiler Developer Guide and Reference

ID 767251
Date 11/07/2023
Public

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OPEN: CONVERT Specifier

The CONVERT specifier indicates a nonnative numeric format for unformatted data. It takes the following form:

CONVERT = fm

fm

Is a scalar default character expression that evaluates to one of the following values:

'LITTLE_ENDIAN'1

Little endian integer data 2 and IEEE* floating-point data. 3

'BIG_ENDIAN'1

Big endian integer data 2 and IEEE floating-point data. 3

'CRAY'

Big endian integer data 2 and CRAY* floating-point data of size REAL(8) or COMPLEX(8).

'FDX'

Little endian integer data 2 and VAX* processor floating-point data of format F_floating for REAL(4) or COMPLEX(4), D_floating for size REAL(8) or COMPLEX(8), and IEEE binary128 for REAL(16) or COMPLEX(16).

'FGX'

Little endian integer data 2 and VAX processor floating-point data of format F_floating for REAL(4) or COMPLEX(4), G_floating for size REAL(8) or COMPLEX(8), and IEEE binary128 for REAL(16) or COMPLEX(16).

'IBM'

Big endian integer data 2 and IBM* System\370 floating-point data of size REAL(4) or COMPLEX(4) (IBM short 4), and size REAL(8) or COMPLEX(8) (IBM long 8).

'VAXD'

Little endian integer data 2 and VAX processor floating-point data of format F_floating for size REAL(4) or COMPLEX(4), D_floating for size REAL(8) or COMPLEX(8), and H_floating for REAL(16) or COMPLEX(16).

'VAXG'

Little endian integer data 2 and VAX processor floating-point data of format F_floating for size REAL(4) or COMPLEX(4), G_floating for size REAL(8) or COMPLEX(8), and H_floating for REAL(16) or COMPLEX(16).

'NATIVE'

No data conversion. This is the default.

1 INTEGER(1) data is the same for little endian and big endian.

2 Of the appropriate size: INTEGER(1), INTEGER(2), INTEGER(4), or INTEGER(8)

3 Of the appropriate size and type: REAL(4), REAL(8), REAL(16), COMPLEX(4), COMPLEX(8), or COMPLEX(16)

You can use CONVERT to specify multiple formats in a single program, usually one format for each specified unit number.

When reading a nonnative format, the nonnative format on disk is converted to native format in memory. If a converted nonnative value is outside the range of the native data type, a runtime message appears.

There are other ways to specify numeric format for unformatted files: you can specify an environment variable, compiler option convert, or OPTIONS/CONVERT. The following shows the order of precedence:

Method Used

Precedence

An environment variable

Highest

OPEN (CONVERT=)

.

OPTIONS/CONVERT

.

The convert compiler option

Lowest

Compiler option convert and OPTIONS/CONVERT affect all unit numbers used by the program, while environment variables and OPEN (CONVERT=) affect specific unit numbers.

The following example shows how to code the OPEN statement to read unformatted CRAY* numeric data from unit 15, which might be processed and possibly written in native little endian format to unit 20:

   OPEN (CONVERT='CRAY', FILE='graph3.dat', FORM='UNFORMATTED',
1      UNIT=15)
   ...
   OPEN (FILE='graph3_native.dat', FORM='UNFORMATTED', UNIT=20)

See Also