AN 866: Mitigating and Debugging Single Event Upsets in Intel® Quartus® Prime Standard Edition

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ID 683869
Date 9/28/2021
Public
Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. Mitigating Single Event Upset 2. Debugging Single Event Upset Using the Fault Injection Debugger
1. Mitigating Single Event Upset x
1.1. Failure Rates 1.2. Mitigating SEU Effects in Embedded User RAM 1.3. Mitigating SEU Effects in Configuration RAM 1.4. Internal Scrubbing 1.5. SEU Recovery 1.6. Intel® Quartus® Prime Software SEU FIT Reports 1.7. Triple-Module Redundancy 1.8. Evaluating a System's Response to Functional Upsets 1.9. CRAM Error Detection Settings Reference 1.10. Document Revision History
1.2. Mitigating SEU Effects in Embedded User RAM x
1.2.1. Configuring RAM to Enable ECC
1.5. SEU Recovery x
1.5.1. Planning for SEU Recovery 1.5.2. Designating the Sensitivity of the Design Hierarchy 1.5.3. Advanced SEU Detection IP Core
1.5.2. Designating the Sensitivity of the Design Hierarchy x
1.5.2.1. Hierarchy Tagging 1.5.2.2. Using Partitions to Specify Logic Sensitivity ID
1.5.3. Advanced SEU Detection IP Core x
1.5.3.1. On-Chip Sensitivity Processor 1.5.3.2. External Sensitivity Processor
1.6. Intel® Quartus® Prime Software SEU FIT Reports x
1.6.1. SEU FIT Parameters Report 1.6.2. Projected SEU FIT by Component Usage Report 1.6.3. Enabling the Projected SEU FIT by Component Usage Report
1.6.2. Projected SEU FIT by Component Usage Report x
1.6.2.1. Component FIT Rates 1.6.2.2. Raw FIT 1.6.2.3. Utilized FIT 1.6.2.4. Mitigated FIT 1.6.2.5. Architectural Vulnerability Factor
1.6.2.3. Utilized FIT x
1.6.2.3.1. Comparing .smh Critical Bits Report to Utilized Bit Count 1.6.2.3.2. Considerations for Small Designs
2. Debugging Single Event Upset Using the Fault Injection Debugger x
2.1. Single Event Upset Mitigation 2.2. Hardware and Software Requirements 2.3. Using the Fault Injection Debugger and IP Core 2.4. Document Revision History
2.3. Using the Fault Injection Debugger and IP Core x
2.3.1. Instantiating the IP Core 2.3.2. Defining Fault Injection Areas 2.3.3. Using the Fault Injection Debugger 2.3.4. Command-Line Interface
2.3.1. Instantiating the IP Core x
2.3.1.1. About the EMR Unloader IP Core 2.3.1.2. About the Advanced SEU Detection IP Core
2.3.2. Defining Fault Injection Areas x
2.3.2.1. Performing Hierarchy Tagging 2.3.2.2. About SMH Files
2.3.3. Using the Fault Injection Debugger x
2.3.3.1. Configuring Your Device and the Fault Injection Debugger 2.3.3.2. Constraining Regions for Fault Injection 2.3.3.3. Specifying Error Types 2.3.3.4. Injecting Errors 2.3.3.5. Recording Errors 2.3.3.6. Clearing Injected Errors
2.3.4. Command-Line Interface x
2.3.4.1. Targeted Fault Injection Feature 2.3.4.2. Advanced Command-Line Options: ASD Regions and Error Type Weighting
2.3.4.1. Targeted Fault Injection Feature x
2.3.4.1.1. Specifying an Error List From the Command Line 2.3.4.1.2. Specifying an Error List From Prompt Mode 2.3.4.1.3. Determining CRAM Bit Locations
1. Mitigating Single Event Upset
2. Debugging Single Event Upset Using the Fault Injection Debugger

2.3.4. Command-Line Interface

You can run the Fault Injection Debugger at the command line with the quartus_fid executable, which is useful if you want to perform fault injection from a script.

Table 3.  Command line Arguments for Fault Injection

Short Argument

Long Argument

Description

c cable

Specify programming hardware or cable. (Required)

i index

Specify the active device to inject fault. (Required)

n number

Specify the number of errors to inject. The default value is 1. (Optional)

t time

Interval time between injections. (Optional)

Note: Use quartus_fid --help to view all available options.

The following code provides examples using the Fault Injection Debugger command-line interface. 

############################################
#
# Find out which USB cables are available for this instance
# The result shows that one cable is available, named "USB-Blaster"
#
$ quartus_fid --list
   . . .
    Info: Command: quartus_fid --list
    1) USB-Blaster on sj-sng-z4 [USB-0]
    Info: 
               Intel® 
               Quartus® Prime 64-Bit Fault Injection Debugger was successful.
     0 errors, 0 warning
############################################
#
# Find which devices are available on USB-Blaster cable
# The result shows two devices: a 
               Stratix® V A7, and a MAX V CPLD.
#
$ quartus_fid --cable USB-Blaster -a
    Info: Command: quartus_fid --cable=USB-Blaster -a
    Info (208809): Using programming cable "USB-Blaster on sj-sng-z4 [USB-0]"
    1) USB-Blaster on sj-sng-z4 [USB-0]
      029030DD   5SGXEA7H(1|2|3)/5SGXEA7K1/..
      020A40DD   5M2210Z/EPM2210
    Info: 
               Intel® 
               Quartus® Prime 64-Bit Fault Injection Debugger was successful.
    0 errors, 0 warnings

############################################
#
# Program the 
               Stratix® V device
# The --index option specifies operations performed on a connected device.
#   "=svgx.sof" associates a .sof file with the device
#   "#p" means program the device
#
$ quartus_fid --cable USB-Blaster --index "@1=svgx.sof#p"     
 . . . 
    Info (209016): Configuring device index 1
    Info (209017): Device 1 contains JTAG ID code 0x029030DD
    Info (209007): Configuration succeeded -- 1 device(s) configured
    Info (209011): Successfully performed operation(s)
    Info (208551): Program signature into device 1.
    Info: 
               Intel® 
               Quartus® Prime 64-Bit Fault Injection Debugger was successful. 
    0 errors, 0 warnings

############################################
#
# Inject a fault into the device.
# The #i operator indicates to inject faults
# -n 3 indicates to inject 3 faults
#
$ quartus_fid --cable USB-Blaster --index "@1=svgx.sof#i" -n 3
    Info: Command: quartus_fid --cable=USB-Blaster --index=@1=svgx.sof#i -n 3
    Info (208809): Using programming cable "USB-Blaster on sj-sng-z4 [USB-0]"
    Info (208521): Injects 3 error(s) into device(s)
    Info: 
               Intel® 
               Quartus® Prime 64-Bit Fault Injection Debugger was successful.
    0 errors, 0 warnings


############################################
#
# Interactive Mode.
# Using the #i operation with -n 0 puts the debugger into interactive mode.
# Note that 3 faults were injected in the previous session; 
# "E" reads the faults currently in the EMR Unloader IP core.
#
$ quartus_fid --cable USB-Blaster --index "@1=svgx.sof#i" -n 0
    Info: Command: quartus_fid --cable=USB-Blaster --index=@1=svgx.sof#i -n 0
    Info (208809): Using programming cable "USB-Blaster on sj-sng-z4 [USB-0]"
    Enter :
          'F' to inject fault
          'E' to read EMR
          'S' to scrub error(s)
          'Q' to quit
    E
    Info (208540): Reading EMR array
    Info (208544): 3 frame error(s) detected in device 1.
        Info (208545):   Error #1 : Single error in frame 0x1028 at bit 0x21EA. 
        Info (10914):   Error #2 : Uncorrectable multi-bit error in frame 0x1116.
        Info (208545):   Error #3 : Single error in frame 0x1848 at bit 0x128C. 
    Enter :
          'F' to inject fault
          'E' to read EMR
          'S' to scrub error(s)
          'Q' to quit
    Q
    Info: 
               Intel® 
               Quartus® Prime 64-Bit Fault Injection Debugger was successful.
        0 errors, 0 warnings
        Info: Peak virtual memory: 1522 megabytes
        Info: Processing ended: Mon Nov  3 18:50:00 2014
        Info: Elapsed time: 00:00:29
        Info: Total CPU time (on all processors): 00:00:13

Section Content
Targeted Fault Injection Feature
Advanced Command-Line Options: ASD Regions and Error Type Weighting

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