F-tile Architecture and PMA and FEC Direct PHY IP User Guide

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ID 683872
Date 6/26/2023
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. F-tile Overview 2. F-tile Architecture 3. Implementing the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP 4. Implementing the F-Tile Reference and System PLL Clocks Intel® FPGA IP 5. F-tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Design Implementation 6. Supported Tools 7. Debugging F-Tile Transceiver Links 8. F-tile Architecture and PMA and FEC Direct PHY IP User Guide Archives 9. Document Revision History for F-tile Architecture and PMA and FEC Direct PHY IP User Guide A. Appendix
2. F-tile Architecture x
2.1. F-Tile Building Blocks 2.2. F-Tile Placement Rules 2.3. PMA Architecture 2.4. Clock Architecture
2.1. F-Tile Building Blocks x
2.1.1. FHT and FGT PMAs 2.1.2. 400G Hard IP and 200G Hard IP 2.1.3. PMA Data Rates 2.1.4. FEC Architecture 2.1.5. PCIe* Hard IP 2.1.6. Bonding Architecture 2.1.7. Deskew Logic 2.1.8. Embedded Multi-die Interconnect Bridge (EMIB) 2.1.9. IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol for Ethernet 2.1.10. Clock Networks 2.1.11. Reconfiguration Interfaces
2.2. F-Tile Placement Rules x
2.2.1. PMA-to-Fracture Mapping 2.2.2. Determining Which PMA to Map to Which Fracture 2.2.3. Hard IP Placement Rules 2.2.4. IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol Placement Rules 2.2.5. Topologies 2.2.6. FEC Placement Rules 2.2.7. Clock Rules and Restrictions 2.2.8. Bonding Placement Rules 2.2.9. Preserving Unused PMA Lanes
2.2.1. PMA-to-Fracture Mapping x
2.2.1.1. FHT-PMA-to-400G-Hard-IP-Fracture Mapping 2.2.1.2. FGT-PMA-to-400G-Hard-IP-Fracture Mapping 2.2.1.3. FGT-PMA-to-200G-Hard-IP-Fracture Mapping
2.2.2. Determining Which PMA to Map to Which Fracture x
2.2.2.1. Implementing One 200GbE-4 Interface with 400G Hard IP and FHT 2.2.2.2. Implementing One 200GbE-2 Interface with 400G Hard IP and FHT 2.2.2.3. Implementing One 100GbE-1 Interface with 400G Hard IP and FHT 2.2.2.4. Implementing One 100GbE-4 Interface with 400G Hard IP and FGT 2.2.2.5. Implementing One 10GbE-1 Interface with 200G Hard IP and FGT 2.2.2.6. Implementing Three 25GbE-1 Interfaces with 400G Hard IP and FHT 2.2.2.7. Implementing One 50GbE-1 and Two 25GbE-1 Interfaces with 400G Hard IP and FHT 2.2.2.8. Implementing One 100GbE-1 and Two 25GbE-1 Interfaces with 400G Hard IP and FHT 2.2.2.9. Implementing Two 100GbE-1 and One 25GbE-1 Interfaces with 400G Hard IP and FHT 2.2.2.10. Implementing 100GbE-1, 100GbE-2, and 50GbE-1 Interfaces with 400G Hard IP and FHT
2.2.5. Topologies x
2.2.5.1. Topology 5: 400G Hard IP (FHT) + 200G Hard IP (FGT) Example 2.2.5.2. Topology 6a: 400G Hard IP with Mixed Transceiver Mode Example 2.2.5.3. Topology 14: 1x PCIe x4 + 400G Hard IP (FGT) with PTP Example
2.2.8. Bonding Placement Rules x
2.2.8.1. Bonded Lanes Use Case 1 2.2.8.2. Bonded Lanes Use Case 2
2.3. PMA Architecture x
2.3.1. FHT PMA Architecture 2.3.2. FGT PMA Architecture
2.3.1. FHT PMA Architecture x
2.3.1.1. FHT Transmitter PMA Architecture 2.3.1.2. FHT Receiver PMA Architecture 2.3.1.3. FHT PMA Loopback Modes
2.3.1.1. FHT Transmitter PMA Architecture x
2.3.1.1.1. FHT Transmitter Buffer and Phase Generator 2.3.1.1.2. FHT Serializer 2.3.1.1.3. FHT Gray-Coder and Pre-Coder 2.3.1.1.4. FHT Data Pattern Generator and Verifier
2.3.1.2. FHT Receiver PMA Architecture x
2.3.1.2.1. FHT Receiver Buffer and Equalizer 2.3.1.2.2. CDR Block 2.3.1.2.3. FHT Deserializer
2.3.2. FGT PMA Architecture x
2.3.2.1. FGT Transmitter PMA Architecture 2.3.2.2. FGT Receiver PMA Architecture 2.3.2.3. FGT PMA Tuning 2.3.2.4. FGT PMA Loopback Modes
2.3.2.1. FGT Transmitter PMA Architecture x
2.3.2.1.1. FGT Transmitter Buffer and Phase Generator 2.3.2.1.2. FGT Serializer 2.3.2.1.3. FGT Gray-Coder and Pre-Coder 2.3.2.1.4. FGT Data Pattern Generator and Verifier
2.3.2.2. FGT Receiver PMA Architecture x
2.3.2.2.1. FGT Receiver Buffer and Equalizer 2.3.2.2.2. Control Unit 2.3.2.2.3. FGT Deserializer
2.4. Clock Architecture x
2.4.1. Reference Clock Network 2.4.2. Datapath Clock Network 2.4.3. System PLL 2.4.4. Datapath Clock Cadences
2.4.1. Reference Clock Network x
2.4.1.1. FHT Reference Clock Network 2.4.1.2. FGT and System PLL Reference Clock Network 2.4.1.3. FGT Primary PLL Configuration
2.4.1.2. FGT and System PLL Reference Clock Network x
2.4.1.2.1. FGT Reference Clock Receiver Analog Front End
3. Implementing the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP x
3.1. F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP Overview 3.2. Designing with F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP 3.3. Configuring the IP 3.4. Signal and Port Reference 3.5. Bit Mapping for PMA and FEC Mode PHY TX and RX Datapath 3.6. Clocking 3.7. Custom Cadence Generation Ports and Logic 3.8. Asserting Reset 3.9. Bonding Implementation 3.10. Independent Port Configurations 3.11. Configuration Registers 3.12. Configurable Intel® Quartus® Prime Software Settings 3.13. Configuring the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP for Hardware Testing 3.14. Hardware Configuration Using the Avalon® Memory-Mapped Interface
3.1. F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP Overview x
3.1.1. PMA Direct Supported Modes 3.1.2. FEC Direct Supported Modes 3.1.3. Unsupported PMA/FEC Modes
3.2. Designing with F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP x
3.2.1. Preset IP Parameter Settings
3.3. Configuring the IP x
3.3.1. General and Common Datapath Options 3.3.2. TX Datapath Options 3.3.3. RX Datapath Options 3.3.4. RS-FEC (Reed Solomon Forward Error Correction) Options 3.3.5. Avalon® Memory Mapped Interface Options 3.3.6. Register Map IP-XACT Support 3.3.7. Example Design Generation Example Design Simulation
3.3.1. General and Common Datapath Options x
3.3.1.1. FGT PMA Configuration Rules for SATA and USB mode
3.3.2. TX Datapath Options x
3.3.2.1. TX PMA interface Parameters
3.3.3. RX Datapath Options x
3.3.3.1. RX FGT PMA Interface Options
3.4. Signal and Port Reference x
3.4.1. TX and RX Parallel and Serial Interface Signals 3.4.2. TX and RX Reference Clock and Clock Output Interface Signals 3.4.3. Reset Signals 3.4.4. RS-FEC Signals 3.4.5. Custom Cadence Control and Status Signals 3.4.6. TX PMA Control Signals 3.4.7. RX PMA Status Signals 3.4.8. TX and RX PMA and Core Interface FIFO Signals 3.4.9. PMA Avalon® Memory Mapped Interface Signals 3.4.10. Datapath Avalon® Memory Mapped Interface Signals
3.4.10. Datapath Avalon® Memory Mapped Interface Signals x
3.4.10.1. Number of Datapath Memory Mapped Avalon® Interfaces and Additional Address Bits per Interface
3.5. Bit Mapping for PMA and FEC Mode PHY TX and RX Datapath x
3.5.1. Parallel Data Mapping Information 3.5.2. TX and RX Parallel Data Mapping Information for Different Configurations 3.5.3. Example of TX Parallel Data for PMA Width = 8, 10, 16, 20, 32 (X=1) 3.5.4. Example of TX Parallel Data for PMA width = 64 (X=2) 3.5.5. Example of TX Parallel Data for PMA width = 64 (X=2) for FEC Direct Mode
3.5.2. TX and RX Parallel Data Mapping Information for Different Configurations x
3.5.2.1. TX Parallel Data Mapping Information for SATA and USB Protocol Modes for Different Configurations
3.6. Clocking x
3.6.1. Clock Ports 3.6.2. Recommended tx/rx_coreclkin Connection and tx/rx_clkout2 Source 3.6.3. Port Widths and Recommended Connections for tx/rx_coreclkin, tx/rx_clkout, and tx/rx_clkout2 3.6.4. FGT PMA Fractional Mode
3.7. Custom Cadence Generation Ports and Logic x
3.7.1. Enabling the tx_cadence_slow_clk_locked Port 3.7.2. Rate Match FIFO
3.8. Asserting Reset x
3.8.1. Reset Signal Requirements 3.8.2. Power On Reset Requirements 3.8.3. Reset Signals—Block Level 3.8.4. Reset Signals—Descriptions 3.8.5. Status Signals—Descriptions 3.8.6. Run-time Reset Sequence—TX 3.8.7. Run-time Reset Sequence—RX 3.8.8. Run-time Reset Sequence—TX + RX 3.8.9. Run-time Reset Sequence—TX with FEC
3.8.8. Run-time Reset Sequence—TX + RX x
3.8.8.1. Run-time Reset Sequence Approximate Time Durations
3.11. Configuration Registers x
3.11.1. PMA and FEC Direct PHY Soft CSR Register Map 3.11.2. FHT PMA Register Map 3.11.3. FGT PMA Register Map 3.11.4. FEC Register Map 3.11.5. Lane Offset Address 3.11.6. Accessing Configuration Registers
3.11.6. Accessing Configuration Registers x
3.11.6.1. Accessing PMA and FEC Direct PHY Soft CSR Registers 3.11.6.2. Accessing FHT PMA Registers 3.11.6.3. Accessing FGT PMA Registers
3.12. Configurable Intel® Quartus® Prime Software Settings x
3.12.1. FHT PMA Settings 3.12.2. FGT PMA Settings
3.13. Configuring the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP for Hardware Testing x
3.13.1. Using Debug Endpoint Interface within the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP 3.13.2. Using JTAG to Avalon® Master Bridge Intel FPGA IP
3.13.1. Using Debug Endpoint Interface within the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP x
3.13.1.1. RTL Connection Example for Debug Endpoint Avalon® Interface
3.13.2. Using JTAG to Avalon® Master Bridge Intel FPGA IP x
3.13.2.1. RTL Connection Example for JTAG to Avalon® Master Bridge Intel IP
3.14. Hardware Configuration Using the Avalon® Memory-Mapped Interface x
3.14.1. FHT PMA 3.14.2. FGT PMA
3.14.1. FHT PMA x
3.14.1.1. Enabling Loopback 3.14.1.2. Enabling the PRBS Generator and Verifier 3.14.1.3. TX Equalizer Settings 3.14.1.4. TX Error Injection 3.14.1.5. RX Reconvergence 3.14.1.6. Preserving Unused Lanes
3.14.2. FGT PMA x
3.14.2.1. Direct Register Method 3.14.2.2. FGT Attribute Access Method
3.14.2.1. Direct Register Method x
3.14.2.1.1. Direct Register Method Examples
3.14.2.2. FGT Attribute Access Method x
3.14.2.2.1. FGT Attribute Access Method Example 1 3.14.2.2.2. FGT Attribute Access Method Example 2 3.14.2.2.3. FGT Attribute Access Method Example 3
4. Implementing the F-Tile Reference and System PLL Clocks Intel® FPGA IP x
4.1. IP Parameters 4.2. IP Port List 4.3. Mode of System PLL - System PLL Reference Clock and Output Frequencies 4.4. Guidelines for F-Tile Reference and System PLL Clocks Intel® FPGA IP Usage 4.5. Guidelines for Refclk #i is Active At and After Device Configuration
4.5. Guidelines for Refclk #i is Active At and After Device Configuration x
4.5.1. Guidelines for System PLL Reference Clock 4.5.2. Guidelines for FGT Reference Clock
5. F-tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Design Implementation x
5.1. Implementing the F-tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Design 5.2. Instantiating the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP 5.3. Implementing a RS-FEC Direct Design in the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP 5.4. Instantiating the F-Tile Reference and System PLL Clocks Intel® FPGA IP 5.5. Enabling Custom Cadence Generation Ports and Logic 5.6. Connecting the F-tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Design IP 5.7. Simulating the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Design 5.8. F-tile Interface Planning
5.2. Instantiating the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP x
5.2.1. Setting General and Common Datapath Options 5.2.2. Setting TX Datapath Options 5.2.3. Setting RX Datapath Options
5.7. Simulating the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Design x
5.7.1. PAM4 Encoding Schemes in Simulation
5.8. F-tile Interface Planning x
5.8.1. F-tile Interface Planner Usage Example
6. Supported Tools x
6.1. F-Tile Channel Placement Tool 6.2. F-Tile PMA and FEC Direct Port Mapping Calculator 6.3. F-Tile Clocking and Datapath Tool 6.4. F-Tile TX Equalizer Tool
7. Debugging F-Tile Transceiver Links x
7.1. F-Tile Transceiver Toolkit GUI 7.2. F-Tile Transceiver Debugging Flow Walkthrough 7.3. Transceiver Toolkit Parameter Settings 7.4. Troubleshooting Common Errors 7.5. Transceiver Toolkit Scripts
7.1. F-Tile Transceiver Toolkit GUI x
7.1.1. Collection View
7.2. F-Tile Transceiver Debugging Flow Walkthrough x
7.2.1. Modifying the Design to Enable F-Tile Transceiver Debug 7.2.2. Programming the Design into an Intel FPGA 7.2.3. Loading the Design to the Transceiver Toolkit 7.2.4. Creating Transceiver Links 7.2.5. Running BER Tests 7.2.6. Running Eye Viewer Tests 7.2.7. Running Link Optimization Tests
7.5. Transceiver Toolkit Scripts x
7.5.1. Supported Transceiver Toolkit Scripts 7.5.2. Modifying the Scripts 7.5.3. Script Execution 7.5.4. Example of the Results in Tcl Console
A. Appendix x
A.1. F-Tile Production Revision and Firmware OPNs
1. F-tile Overview
2. F-tile Architecture
3. Implementing the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP
4. Implementing the F-Tile Reference and System PLL Clocks Intel® FPGA IP
5. F-tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Design Implementation
6. Supported Tools
7. Debugging F-Tile Transceiver Links
8. F-tile Architecture and PMA and FEC Direct PHY IP User Guide Archives
9. Document Revision History for F-tile Architecture and PMA and FEC Direct PHY IP User Guide
A. Appendix

3.3.7. Example Design Generation

The F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP parameter editor includes the Generate Example Design function to easily create, generate, and simulate the PMA/FEC direct mode example design.

You can select from four Example Design Options for generation, as Example Design Options in IP Parameter Editor shows.

Figure 70. Example Design Options in IP Parameter Editor

The example designs support generation, compilation, and simulation flows for the target device. Starting in Intel® Quartus® Prime software version 22.1, hardware support for example designs is enabled in the Intel Agilex® 7 I-Series Transceiver-SoC development kit. The following Example Design Options are currently available:

Table 37.  Example Design Generation Options
Example Design Options Preset Setting Equivalent Description
FHT NRZ 25G 1 PMA lane RSFEC 272/258 FHT_NRZ_25G_1_PMA_Lane_RSFEC_272_258_ED 1 PMA FHT NRZ lane operating at 25.78125 Gbps with RS-FEC 272/258 mode.
FGT NRZ 50G 2 PMA lanes RSFEC 528/514 FGT_NRZ_50G_2_PMA_Lanes_RSFEC_528_514_ED 2 PMA FGT NRZ lanes operating at 25.78125 Gbps (each lane) with RS-FEC 528/514 mode.
FHT PAM4 4 400G 4 PMA lanes RSFEC 544/514 FHT_PAM4_400G_4_PMA_lanes_RSFEC_544_514_ED 4 PMA FHT PAM4 lanes operating at 106.25 Gbps (each lane) with RS-FEC 544/514 mode.
FGT NRZ 50G 2 PMA Lanes Custom Cadence FGT_NRZ_50G_2_PMA_Lanes_Custom_Cadence_ED

2 PMA FGT NRZ lanes operating at 25.78125 Gbps (each lane) with custom cadence clocking mode.

In custom cadence clocking mode, the system PLL clocks the digital data path (that is, the F-tile interface FIFO and core interface FIFO) of the PMA. The PMA block and PMA interface FIFO is clocked by PMA clockout.

The Example Design Options are equivalent with some of the preset settings, as Example Design Generation Options describes. To review the IP parameter settings for each preset, refer to F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP Available Parameter Presets. Alternatively, right-click a preset in the IP parameter editor, and then click Show Preset Settings, or click Apply preset to apply the preset's settings in the parameter editor.

Figure 71. Show Preset Settings

If you select any of the four available Example Design Options, but change the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP settings in the GUI thereafter, the example design generated does not follow the changed settings for the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP. The example design generation only takes the Example Design Options listed in Example Design Generation Options. Any other changes that you make to the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP settings are not applied during example design generation.

The Example Design tab of the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP allows you to select pre-defined RS-FEC options to configure an example design as shown in the following figure.

Figure 72. RS-FEC Example Designs in the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP
There are three RS-FEC example designs available in the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP as shown:
  • FHT NRZ 25G 1 PMA Lane RSFEC 272/25
  • FGT NRZ 50G 2 PMA Lanes RSFEC 528/514
  • FHT PAM4 4 400G 4 PMA Lanes RSFEC 544/514
All the example designs follow the configuration options for the FEC direct mode as described in the following sections:
To generate an example design, follow the below steps:
  1. Go to the Example Design tab in the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP.
  2. Select one of the example designs from the drop-down menu. If you select None, you cannot generate the example design.
  3. Click the Acknowledgment: option box. This options is to remind you that only the example design you specify in the drop-down menu is generated. No other IP parameters setting that you specify take effect in the example design generation. If you do not check the acknowledgment box, you cannot generate the example design.
  4. Ensure steps 2. and step 3. are done, then click Generate Example Design.

Clicking Generate Example Design completes the IP Generation and Support-logic Generation stages of the Compiler. An example design folder also generates containing the Intel® Quartus® Prime project (.qpf), settings (.qsf), and IP files, simulation, and testbench files for the example design in the following location: 

<Project Folder>/<directphy_f_0_example_design/example_design>

The Compiler reads the example design .qsf file that contains the PMA reference clock, and the TX and RX high speed serial pin location assignments.

In order to provide a reduction in real-time simulation duration, the example design testbench uses a Fast Sim model. This model is enabled via a macro in the simulation run scripts. The syntax to enable the Fast Sim model is as follows: 

+define+IP7581SERDES_UX_SIMSPEED

This macro is enabled by default in the example design simulation scripts after you click Generate Example Design button.

You can use the Fast Sim model when you are simulating the F-Tile PMA/FEC Direct PHY Intel® FPGA IP design to reduce simulation time. However, in order to use the Fast Sim model, ensure all the IPs in your design that you place within the same F-tile, support Fast Sim mode. For example; if you have a PMA direct mode design together with other protocol IPs that do not support the Fast Sim mode and place them within the same F-tile, you can run into simulation errors for your PMA direct design.
Note: This macro is not available when you use FGT cascade mode, FGT dual simplex mode or when you use the FHT PMA.

Example Design Simulation

To simulate the example design in the VCS* , VCS* MX, ModelSim* , or Xcelium* simulators, use the following commands. The RTL files are in the example_design/rtl directory and simulation files are in the example_design/testbench directory.
  • To simulate with VCS* , go to the example_design/testbench directory and the launch the simulation using the shell script:
    sh run_vcs.sh
  • To simulate with VCS* MX, go to the example_design/testbench directory and the launch the simulation using the shell script:
    sh run_vcsmx.sh
  • To simulate with ModelSim* , go to the example_design/testbench directory and the launch the simulation using the command:
    vsim -c -do run_vsim.tcl
  • To simulate with Xcelium* , go to the example_design/testbench directory and the launch the simulation using the shell script:
    sh run_xcelium.sh
  • Launch waveform viewer to see the simulation results.
Starting in Intel® Quartus® Prime software version 21.3, the example designs support VHDL with VCS* MX and ModelSim* simulators.
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