External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP User Guide

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Date 1/31/2022
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. About the External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP 2. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Introduction 3. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Product Architecture 4. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – End-User Signals 5. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Simulating Memory IP 6. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – DDR4 Support 7. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – QDR-IV Support 8. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Timing Closure 9. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – I/O Timing Closure 10. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Controller Optimization 11. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Debugging 12. External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP User Guide Archives 13. Document Revision History for External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP User Guide
1. About the External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP x
1.1. Release Information
2. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Introduction x
2.1. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP Protocol and Feature Support 2.2. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP Design Flow 2.3. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP Design Checklist
3. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Product Architecture x
3.1. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: Introduction 3.2. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Sequencer 3.3. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Calibration 3.4. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Controller 3.5. User-requested Reset in Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP 3.6. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF for Hard Processor Subsystem
3.1. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: Introduction x
3.1.1. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: I/O Subsystem 3.1.2. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: I/O SSM 3.1.3. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: I/O Bank 3.1.4. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: I/O Lane 3.1.5. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: Input DQS Clock Tree 3.1.6. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: PHY Clock Tree 3.1.7. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: PLL Reference Clock Networks 3.1.8. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: Clock Phase Alignment
3.1.4. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Architecture: I/O Lane x
3.1.4.1. Considerations for Designing DDR4 x72 Interface Together with an AVST x8/x16/x32 Configuration Scheme
3.3. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Calibration x
3.3.1. Intel® Agilex™ Calibration Stages 3.3.2. Intel® Agilex™ Calibration Stages Descriptions 3.3.3. Intel® Agilex™ Calibration Flowchart 3.3.4. Intel® Agilex™ Calibration Algorithms
3.3.4. Intel® Agilex™ Calibration Algorithms x
3.3.4.1. Calibration Algorithms for DDR4 3.3.4.2. Calibration Algorithms for QDR-IV 3.3.4.3. Guidelines for Debugging Calibration Issues
3.3.4.1. Calibration Algorithms for DDR4 x
3.3.4.1.1. DDR4 Read Calibration 3.3.4.1.2. DDR4 Write Calibration
3.3.4.2. Calibration Algorithms for QDR-IV x
3.3.4.2.1. QDR-IV Read Calibration 3.3.4.2.2. QDR-IV Write Calibration
3.3.4.3. Guidelines for Debugging Calibration Issues x
3.3.4.3.1. Debugging Calibration Failure Using Information from the Calibration report 3.3.4.3.2. Debugging Address and Command Leveling Calibration Failure 3.3.4.3.3. Debugging Address and Command Deskew Failure 3.3.4.3.4. Debugging DQS Enable Failure 3.3.4.3.5. Debugging Read Deskew Calibration Failure 3.3.4.3.6. Debugging VREFIN Calibration Failure 3.3.4.3.7. Debugging LFIFO Calibration Failure 3.3.4.3.8. Debugging Write Leveling Failure 3.3.4.3.9. Debugging Write Deskew Calibration Failure 3.3.4.3.10. Debugging VREFOUT Calibration Failure
3.4. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Controller x
3.4.1. Hard Memory Controller 3.4.2. Intel® Agilex™ Hard Memory Controller Rate Conversion Feature
3.4.1. Hard Memory Controller x
3.4.1.1. Hard Memory Controller Features 3.4.1.2. Hard Memory Controller Main Control Path 3.4.1.3. Data Buffer Controller
3.6. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF for Hard Processor Subsystem x
3.6.1. Restrictions on I/O Bank Usage for Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP with HPS
4. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – End-User Signals x
4.1. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP Interface and Signal Descriptions 4.2. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP AFI Signals 4.3. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP AFI 4.0 Timing Diagrams 4.4. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP Memory Mapped Register (MMR) Tables
4.1. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP Interface and Signal Descriptions x
4.1.1. Intel Agilex EMIF IP Interfaces for DDR4 4.1.2. Intel Agilex EMIF IP Interfaces for QDR-IV
4.1.1. Intel Agilex EMIF IP Interfaces for DDR4 x
4.1.1.1. local_reset_req for DDR4 4.1.1.2. local_reset_status for DDR4 4.1.1.3. pll_ref_clk for DDR4 4.1.1.4. pll_locked for DDR4 4.1.1.5. ac_parity_err for DDR4 4.1.1.6. oct for DDR4 4.1.1.7. mem for DDR4 4.1.1.8. status for DDR4 4.1.1.9. afi_reset_n for DDR4 4.1.1.10. afi_clk for DDR4 4.1.1.11. afi_half_clk for DDR4 4.1.1.12. afi for DDR4 4.1.1.13. emif_usr_reset_n for DDR4 4.1.1.14. emif_usr_clk for DDR4 4.1.1.15. ctrl_amm for DDR4 4.1.1.16. ctrl_amm_aux for DDR4 4.1.1.17. ctrl_auto_precharge for DDR4 4.1.1.18. ctrl_user_priority for DDR4 4.1.1.19. ctrl_ecc_user_interrupt for DDR4 4.1.1.20. ctrl_ecc_readdataerror for DDR4 4.1.1.21. ctrl_ecc_status for DDR4 4.1.1.22. ctrl_mmr_slave for DDR4 4.1.1.23. hps_emif for DDR4 4.1.1.24. emif_calbus for DDR4 4.1.1.25. emif_calbus_clk for DDR4
4.1.2. Intel Agilex EMIF IP Interfaces for QDR-IV x
4.1.2.1. local_reset_req for QDR-IV 4.1.2.2. local_reset_status for QDR-IV 4.1.2.3. pll_ref_clk for QDR-IV 4.1.2.4. pll_locked for QDR-IV 4.1.2.5. oct for QDR-IV 4.1.2.6. mem for QDR-IV 4.1.2.7. status for QDR-IV 4.1.2.8. afi_reset_n for QDR-IV 4.1.2.9. afi_clk for QDR-IV 4.1.2.10. afi_half_clk for QDR-IV 4.1.2.11. afi for QDR-IV 4.1.2.12. emif_usr_reset_n for QDR-IV 4.1.2.13. emif_usr_clk for QDR-IV 4.1.2.14. ctrl_amm for QDR-IV 4.1.2.15. emif_calbus for QDR-IV 4.1.2.16. emif_calbus_clk for QDR-IV
4.2. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP AFI Signals x
4.2.1. AFI Clock and Reset Signals 4.2.2. AFI Address and Command Signals 4.2.3. AFI Write Data Signals 4.2.4. AFI Read Data Signals 4.2.5. AFI Calibration Status Signals 4.2.6. AFI Tracking Management Signals 4.2.7. AFI Shadow Register Management Signals
4.3. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP AFI 4.0 Timing Diagrams x
4.3.1. AFI Address and Command Timing Diagrams 4.3.2. AFI Write Sequence Timing Diagrams 4.3.3. AFI Read Sequence Timing Diagrams 4.3.4. AFI Calibration Status Timing Diagram
4.4. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF IP Memory Mapped Register (MMR) Tables x
4.4.1. ctrlcfg0 4.4.2. ctrlcfg1 4.4.3. dramtiming0 4.4.4. sbcfg1 4.4.5. caltiming0 4.4.6. caltiming1 4.4.7. caltiming2 4.4.8. caltiming3 4.4.9. caltiming4 4.4.10. caltiming9 4.4.11. dramaddrw 4.4.12. sideband0 4.4.13. sideband1 4.4.14. sideband4 4.4.15. sideband6 4.4.16. sideband7 4.4.17. sideband9 4.4.18. sideband11 4.4.19. sideband12 4.4.20. sideband13 4.4.21. sideband14 4.4.22. dramsts 4.4.23. niosreserve0 4.4.24. niosreserve1 4.4.25. sideband16 4.4.26. ecc3: ECC Error and Interrupt Configuration 4.4.27. ecc4: Status and Error Information 4.4.28. ecc5: Address of Most Recent SBE/DBE 4.4.29. ecc6: Address of Most Recent Correction Command Dropped 4.4.30. ecc7: Extension for Address of Most Recent SBE/DBE 4.4.31. ecc8: Extension for Address of Most Recent Correction Command Dropped
5. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Simulating Memory IP x
5.1. Simulation Options 5.2. Simulation Walkthrough
5.2. Simulation Walkthrough x
5.2.1. Calibration Modes 5.2.2. Simulation Scripts 5.2.3. Functional Simulation with Verilog HDL 5.2.4. Functional Simulation with VHDL 5.2.5. Simulating the Design Example
6. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – DDR4 Support x
6.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Parameter Descriptions 6.2. Intel® Agilex™ External Memory Interfaces Intel® Calibration IP Parameters 6.3. Register Map IP-XACT Support for Intel® Agilex™ EMIF DDR4 IP 6.4. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning 6.5. DDR4 Board Design Guidelines
6.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Parameter Descriptions x
6.1.1. Intel Agilex EMIF IP DDR4 Parameters: General 6.1.2. Intel Agilex EMIF IP DDR4 Parameters: Memory 6.1.3. Intel Agilex EMIF IP DDR4 Parameters: Mem I/O 6.1.4. Intel Agilex EMIF IP DDR4 Parameters: FPGA I/O 6.1.5. Intel Agilex EMIF IP DDR4 Parameters: Mem Timing 6.1.6. Intel Agilex EMIF IP DDR4 Parameters: Controller 6.1.7. Intel Agilex EMIF IP DDR4 Parameters: Diagnostics 6.1.8. Intel Agilex EMIF IP DDR4 Parameters: Example Designs
6.4. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning x
6.4.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins 6.4.2. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Resources 6.4.3. Pin Guidelines for Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP
6.4.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins x
6.4.1.1. Estimating Pin Requirements 6.4.1.2. DIMM Options 6.4.1.3. Maximum Number of Interfaces
6.4.2. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Resources x
6.4.2.1. OCT 6.4.2.2. PLL
6.4.3. Pin Guidelines for Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP x
6.4.3.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Banks 6.4.3.2. General Guidelines 6.4.3.3. x4 DIMM Implementation 6.4.3.4. Specific Pin Connection Requirements 6.4.3.5. Command and Address Signals 6.4.3.6. Clock Signals 6.4.3.7. Data, Data Strobes, DM/DBI, and Optional ECC Signals
6.5. DDR4 Board Design Guidelines x
6.5.1. Terminations for DDR4 with Intel® Agilex™ Devices 6.5.2. Clamshell Topology 6.5.3. General Layout Routing Guidelines 6.5.4. Reference Stackup 6.5.5. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF-Specific Routing Guidelines for Various DDR4 Topologies 6.5.6. DDR4 Routing Guidelines: Discrete (Component) Topologies 6.5.7. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Pin Swapping Guidelines
6.5.1. Terminations for DDR4 with Intel® Agilex™ Devices x
6.5.1.1. Dynamic On-Chip Termination (OCT) 6.5.1.2. Dynamic On-Die Termination (ODT) in DDR4 6.5.1.3. Choosing Terminations on Intel® Agilex™ FPGA Devices 6.5.1.4. On-Chip Termination Recommendations for Intel® Agilex™ FPGA Devices
6.5.5. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF-Specific Routing Guidelines for Various DDR4 Topologies x
6.5.5.1. One DIMM per Channel (1DPC) for UDIMM, RDIMM, LRDIMM, and SODIMM DDR4 Topologies 6.5.5.2. Two DIMMs per Channel (2DPC) for UDIMM, RDIMM, and LRDIMM DDR4 Topologies 6.5.5.3. Two DIMMs per Channel (2DPC) for SODIMM Topology 6.5.5.4. Skew Matching Guidelines for DIMM Configurations 6.5.5.5. Power Delivery Recommendations for the Memory / DIMM Side
6.5.6. DDR4 Routing Guidelines: Discrete (Component) Topologies x
6.5.6.1. Single Rank x 8 Discrete (Component) Topology 6.5.6.2. Single Rank x 16 Discrete (Component) Topology 6.5.6.3. ADDR/CMD Reference Voltage/RESET Signal Routing Guidelines for Single Rank x 8 and R Rank x 16 Discrete (Component) Topologies 6.5.6.4. Skew Matching Guidelines for DDR4 Discrete Configurations 6.5.6.5. Power Delivery Recommendations for DDR4 Discrete Configurations
7. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – QDR-IV Support x
7.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Parameter Descriptions 7.2. Intel® Agilex™ External Memory Interfaces Intel® Calibration IP Parameters 7.3. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning 7.4. QDR-IV Board Design Guidelines
7.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Parameter Descriptions x
7.1.1. Intel Agilex EMIF IP QDR-IV Parameters: General 7.1.2. Intel Agilex EMIF IP QDR-IV Parameters: Memory 7.1.3. Intel Agilex EMIF IP QDR-IV Parameters: FPGA I/O 7.1.4. Intel Agilex EMIF IP QDR-IV Parameters: Mem Timing 7.1.5. Intel Agilex EMIF IP QDR-IV Parameters: Controller 7.1.6. Intel Agilex EMIF IP QDR-IV Parameters: Diagnostics 7.1.7. Intel Agilex EMIF IP QDR-IV Parameters: Example Designs
7.3. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Pin and Resource Planning x
7.3.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins 7.3.2. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Resources 7.3.3. Pin Guidelines for Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP
7.3.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Interface Pins x
7.3.1.1. Estimating Pin Requirements 7.3.1.2. Maximum Number of Interfaces
7.3.2. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Resources x
7.3.2.1. OCT 7.3.2.2. PLL
7.3.3. Pin Guidelines for Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP x
7.3.3.1. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP Banks 7.3.3.2. General Guidelines 7.3.3.3. QDR IV SRAM Commands and Addresses, AP, and AINV Signals 7.3.3.4. QDR IV SRAM Clock Signals 7.3.3.5. QDR IV SRAM Data, DINV, and QVLD Signals 7.3.3.6. Specific Pin Connection Requirements 7.3.3.7. Resource Sharing Guidelines (Multiple Interfaces)
7.4. QDR-IV Board Design Guidelines x
7.4.1. General Layout Routing Guidelines 7.4.2. Reference Stackup 7.4.3. Routing Guidelines for QDR-IV Topology 7.4.4. Intel® Agilex™ EMIF Design Guideline Summary
7.4.3. Routing Guidelines for QDR-IV Topology x
7.4.3.1. QDR-IV Single Device Memory Topology 7.4.3.2. Skew Matching Guidelines for QDR-IV Configurations 7.4.3.3. Power Delivery Recommendation for QDR-IV Configurations
8. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Timing Closure x
8.1. Timing Closure 8.2. Optimizing Timing
8.1. Timing Closure x
8.1.1. Timing Analysis
8.1.1. Timing Analysis x
8.1.1.1. PHY or Core
9. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – I/O Timing Closure x
9.1. I/O Timing Closure Overview 9.2. Collateral Generated with Your EMIF IP 9.3. SPICE Decks 9.4. File Organization 9.5. Top-level Parameterization File 9.6. IP-Supplied Parameters that You Might Need to Override 9.7. Multi-Rank Topology 9.8. Pin Parasitics 9.9. Mask Evaluation
9.3. SPICE Decks x
9.3.1. Address/Command Simulation Deck 9.3.2. FPGA Write Operation Simulation Deck 9.3.3. FPGA Read Operation Simulation Deck
10. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Controller Optimization x
10.1. Interface Standard 10.2. Bank Management Efficiency 10.3. Data Transfer 10.4. Improving Controller Efficiency
10.4. Improving Controller Efficiency x
10.4.1. Auto-Precharge Commands 10.4.2. Additive Latency 10.4.3. Bank Interleaving 10.4.4. Additive Latency and Bank Interleaving 10.4.5. User-Controlled Refresh 10.4.6. Frequency of Operation 10.4.7. Series of Reads or Writes 10.4.8. Data Reordering 10.4.9. Starvation Control 10.4.10. Command Reordering 10.4.11. Bandwidth 10.4.12. Enable Command Priority Control 10.4.13. Controller Pre-pay and Post-pay Refresh (DDR4 Only)
10.4.1. Auto-Precharge Commands x
10.4.1.1. Using Auto-precharge to Achieve Highest Memory Bandwidth for DDR4 Interfaces
11. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Debugging x
11.1. Interface Configuration Performance Issues 11.2. Functional Issue Evaluation 11.3. Timing Issue Characteristics 11.4. Verifying Memory IP Using the Signal Tap Logic Analyzer 11.5. Hardware Debugging Guidelines 11.6. Categorizing Hardware Issues 11.7. Debugging with the External Memory Interface Debug Toolkit 11.8. Using the Default Traffic Generator 11.9. Using the Configurable Traffic Generator (TG2) 11.10. EMIF On-Chip Debug Port 11.11. Efficiency Monitor
11.1. Interface Configuration Performance Issues x
11.1.1. Interface Configuration Bottleneck and Efficiency Issues
11.2. Functional Issue Evaluation x
11.2.1. Intel® IP Memory Model 11.2.2. Vendor Memory Model 11.2.3. Transcript Window Messages 11.2.4. Modifying the Example Driver to Replicate the Failure
11.3. Timing Issue Characteristics x
11.3.1. Evaluating FPGA Timing Issues 11.3.2. Evaluating External Memory Interface Timing Issues
11.4. Verifying Memory IP Using the Signal Tap Logic Analyzer x
11.4.1. Signals to Monitor with the Signal Tap Logic Analyzer
11.5. Hardware Debugging Guidelines x
11.5.1. Create a Simplified Design that Demonstrates the Same Issue 11.5.2. Measure Power Distribution Network 11.5.3. Measure Signal Integrity and Setup and Hold Margin 11.5.4. Vary Voltage 11.5.5. Operate at a Lower Speed 11.5.6. Determine Whether the Issue Exists in Previous Versions of Software 11.5.7. Determine Whether the Issue Exists in the Current Version of Software 11.5.8. Try A Different PCB 11.5.9. Try Other Configurations 11.5.10. Debugging Checklist
11.6. Categorizing Hardware Issues x
11.6.1. Signal Integrity Issues 11.6.2. Hardware and Calibration Issues
11.6.1. Signal Integrity Issues x
11.6.1.1. Characteristics of Signal Integrity Issues 11.6.1.2. Evaluating Signal Integrity Issues
11.6.1.2. Evaluating Signal Integrity Issues x
11.6.1.2.1. Skew 11.6.1.2.2. Crosstalk 11.6.1.2.3. Power System 11.6.1.2.4. Clock Signals 11.6.1.2.5. Address and Command Signals 11.6.1.2.6. Read Data Valid Window and Eye Diagram 11.6.1.2.7. Write Data Valid Window and Eye Diagram 11.6.1.2.8. OCT and ODT Usage
11.6.2. Hardware and Calibration Issues x
11.6.2.1. Postamble Timing Issues and Margin 11.6.2.2. Intermittent Issue Evaluation
11.7. Debugging with the External Memory Interface Debug Toolkit x
11.7.1. Prerequisites for Using the EMIF Debug Toolkit 11.7.2. Configuring a Design to Use the Toolkit 11.7.3. Launching the EMIF Debug Toolkit 11.7.4. Using the EMIF Debug Toolkit 11.7.5. Exporting Tables 11.7.6. Viewing Reports Graphically in the Eye Viewer
11.7.2. Configuring a Design to Use the Toolkit x
11.7.2.1. Generating a Design Example with the Debug Toolkit 11.7.2.2. Creating a Design Example with Multiple External Memory Interfaces 11.7.2.3. Enabling the EMIF Toolkit in an Existing Design
11.7.4. Using the EMIF Debug Toolkit x
11.7.4.1. Memory Configuration Tab 11.7.4.2. Calibration Tab 11.7.4.3. Guidelines for Debugging Calibration Issues 11.7.4.4. Calibration Report Tab 11.7.4.5. Calibrate Termination Tab 11.7.4.6. Vref Margining Tab 11.7.4.7. Driver Margining Tab 11.7.4.8. ISSPs Tab 11.7.4.9. Pin Delay Settings Tab
11.7.4.2. Calibration Tab x
11.7.4.2.1. Rerunning Calibration 11.7.4.2.2. Rerunning the Traffic Generator
11.7.4.3. Guidelines for Debugging Calibration Issues x
11.7.4.3.1. Debugging Calibration Failure Using Information from the Calibration report 11.7.4.3.2. Debugging Address and Command Leveling Calibration Failure 11.7.4.3.3. Debugging Address and Command Deskew Failure 11.7.4.3.4. Debugging DQS Enable Failure 11.7.4.3.5. Debugging Read Deskew Calibration Failure 11.7.4.3.6. Debugging VREFIN Calibration Failure 11.7.4.3.7. Debugging LFIFO Calibration Failure 11.7.4.3.8. Debugging Write Leveling Failure 11.7.4.3.9. Debugging Write Deskew Calibration Failure 11.7.4.3.10. Debugging VREFOUT Calibration Failure
11.8. Using the Default Traffic Generator x
11.8.1. Reading the Default Traffic Generator Status 11.8.2. Running Infinite Traffic using the Default Traffic Generator 11.8.3. Changing the Reset Trigger of the Default Traffic Generator 11.8.4. Observing Generated Traffic with Signal Tap
11.9. Using the Configurable Traffic Generator (TG2) x
11.9.1. Enabling the Traffic Generator in a Design Example 11.9.2. Traffic Generator Block Description 11.9.3. Default Traffic Pattern 11.9.4. Configuration and Status Registers 11.9.5. User Pattern 11.9.6. Traffic Generator Status 11.9.7. Starting Traffic with the Traffic Generator 11.9.8. Traffic Generator Configuration User Interface
11.9.5. User Pattern x
11.9.5.1. Test Duration / Instruction pattern 11.9.5.2. Address Pattern 11.9.5.3. Data Pattern and Byte Enable
11.9.5.2. Address Pattern x
11.9.5.2.1. Address Generator Modes 11.9.5.2.2. Address Generator MSB Indices 11.9.5.2.3. Address Generator Effective Width 11.9.5.2.4. Address Generator Relative Frequencies 11.9.5.2.5. Address Pattern Examples - Basic Mode 11.9.5.2.6. Address Pattern Examples - Advanced Mode Example 1: Random Address Mode Example 2: Sequential Address Mode Example 3: Sequential Address Mode with TG_RETURN_TO_START_ADDR_1 Example 4: Random Sequential Address Mode Example 5: Using Multiple Address Fields for Traversing Memory Hierarchy Example 6: Using All Address Fields
11.9.8. Traffic Generator Configuration User Interface x
11.9.8.1. Connecting the Traffic Generator 11.9.8.2. Configuring the Traffic Generator 11.9.8.3. Traffic Generator Preset Selection 11.9.8.4. Traffic Generator Status Report 11.9.8.5. Examples of Configuring the TG2 Traffic Generator
11.10. EMIF On-Chip Debug Port x
11.10.1. Enabling the On-Chip Debug Port 11.10.2. I/O SSM calbus Bridge Data Structures and Usage 11.10.3. I/O SSM User-RAM Data Structures and Usage 11.10.4. Debug Interface Structure 11.10.5. Example: Reading Calibration Results and Margins with the On-Chip Debug Port
11.10.3. I/O SSM User-RAM Data Structures and Usage x
11.10.3.1. Parameter Tables 11.10.3.2. Parameter Table Enums
11.10.3.1. Parameter Tables x
11.10.3.1.1. Global Parameter Table 11.10.3.1.2. Per-interface Parameter Table Structure 11.10.3.1.3. Parameter Table Arrays
11.10.4. Debug Interface Structure x
11.10.4.1. Debug Data Structures 11.10.4.2. Debug Enums
11.11. Efficiency Monitor x
11.11.1. Enabling the Efficiency Monitor in a Design Example 11.11.2. Efficiency Monitor Block Descriptions 11.11.3. Control and Status Registers 11.11.4. Opening the Efficiency Monitor Toolkit
1. About the External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP
2. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Introduction
3. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Product Architecture
4. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – End-User Signals
5. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Simulating Memory IP
6. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – DDR4 Support
7. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – QDR-IV Support
8. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Timing Closure
9. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – I/O Timing Closure
10. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Controller Optimization
11. Intel® Agilex™ FPGA EMIF IP – Debugging
12. External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP User Guide Archives
13. Document Revision History for External Memory Interfaces Intel® Agilex™ FPGA IP User Guide

11.9.5.2.6. Address Pattern Examples - Advanced Mode

The examples in this topic include the generated address on both the Avalon® address (amm_address_0) and the memory address (mem_addr).

The difference in widths between amm_address_0 and mem_addr is based on the configured EMIF IP variant.

The following points apply to the examples that follow:

  • A value of X indicates that a register is not used, making its value irrelevant.
  • The address width (31) is the SYMBOL ADDRESS, as output from the traffic generator. In the design used for these examples, the AMM_WORD_ADDRESS_WIDTH is 26 bits. To account for this difference, the traffic generator shifts all addresses by the difference (5 bits). The examples below use this shifted address, but the external memory interface does not see this shift on its side of the ctrl_amm interface.
  • The provided waveform is only a snippet of the full instruction pattern, to demonstrate the write instructions and the corresponding addresses. Not all read blocks are shown, due to space restrictions.

The width of the Avalon® address is based on the following:

  • The data width on the memory side.
  • Whether a configured EMIF IP is quarter rate, half rate, or full rate.
  • Whether the memory interface is double data rate or quarter data rate.

Example 1: Random Address Mode

Consider the following instruction pattern:

TG_LOOP_COUNT=2 TG_WRITE_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_IDLE_COUNT=2
TG_WRITE_COUNT=3 TG_READ_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_LOOP_IDLE_COUNT=0
TG_READ_COUNT=3 TG_BURST_LENGTH=1
Table 160.  Address Pattern
    
Write Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR  =0x5a5a
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+1=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+2=X
       …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+11=X

Read Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD  =0x5a5a
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+1=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+2=X
       …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+11=X

Write Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+1=3
       …
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+5=3

Read Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+1=3
       …
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+5=3

Sequential Address Increments:
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR=X
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+1=X
       …
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+5=X

Return to Start Address:
TG_RETURN_TO_START_ADDR=0

Relative Frequencies:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ=1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+1=X
       …
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+5=X

MSB Indices:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX=AMM_WORD_ADDRESS_WIDTH-1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+1=X
       …
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+4=X
Figure 176. Setting the Address Pattern in the Traffic Generator Configuration Interface

Figure 177. Random Address Mode

Example 2: Sequential Address Mode

Consider the following instruction pattern:

TG_LOOP_COUNT=2 TG_WRITE_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_IDLE_COUNT=0
TG_WRITE_COUNT=3 TG_READ_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_LOOP_IDLE_COUNT=1
TG_READ_COUNT=3 TG_BURST_LENGTH=1
Table 161.  Address Pattern
    
Write Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR  =’0
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+1=’0
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+2=X
       …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+11=X

Read Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD  =’0 
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+1=’0
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+2=X
       …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+11=X

Write Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+1=3
       …
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+5=3

Read Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+1=3
       …
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+5=3

Sequential Address Increments:
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR=8
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+1=X
       …
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+5=X

Return to Start Address:
TG_RETURN_TO_START_ADDR=0

Relative Frequencies:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ=1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+1=X
       …
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+5=X

MSB Indices:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX=AMM_WORD_ADDRESS_WIDTH-1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+1=X
       …
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+4=X
Figure 178. Sequential Address Mode

Example 3: Sequential Address Mode with TG_RETURN_TO_START_ADDR_1

Consider the following instruction pattern:

TG_LOOP_COUNT=2 TG_WRITE_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_IDLE_COUNT=0
TG_WRITE_COUNT=3 TG_READ_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_LOOP_IDLE_COUNT=1
TG_READ_COUNT=3 TG_BURST_LENGTH=1
Table 162.  Address Pattern 
Write Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR  =’0
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+1=’0
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+2=X
       …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+11=X

Read Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD  =’0 
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+1=’0
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+2=X
       …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+11=X

Write Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+1=3
       …
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+5=3

Read Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+1=3
       …
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+5=3

Sequential Address Increments:
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR=8
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+1=X
       …
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+5=X

Return to Start Address:
TG_RETURN_TO_START_ADDR=1

Relative Frequencies:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ=1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+1=X
       …
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+5=X

MSB Indices:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+1=AMM_WORD_ADDRESS_WIDTH-1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+1=X
       …
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+4=X
Figure 179. Setting the Address Pattern in the Traffic Generator Configuration Interface
Figure 180.  Sequential Address Mode with TG_RETURN_TO_START_ADDR=1

Example 4: Random Sequential Address Mode

Consider the following instruction pattern:

TG_LOOP_COUNT=1 TG_WRITE_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_IDLE_COUNT=1
TG_WRITE_COUNT=8 TG_READ_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_LOOP_IDLE_COUNT=1
TG_READ_COUNT=8 TG_BURST_LENGTH=1
Table 163.  Address Pattern 
Write Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR  =0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+1=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+2=0xaaaa
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+3=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+4=X
       …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+11=X

Read Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD  =0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+1=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+2=0xaaaa
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+3=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+4=X
       …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+11=X

Write Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+1=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+2=3
       …
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+5=3

Read Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+1=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+2=3
       …
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+5=3

Sequential Address Increments:
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR=2
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+1=X
       …
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+5=X

Return to Start Address:
TG_RETURN_TO_START_ADDR=0

Relative Frequencies:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ=1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+1=4
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+2=X
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+3=X
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+4=X
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+5=X

MSB Indices:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX=3
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+1=AMM_WORD_ADDRESS_WIDTH-1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+4=X
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+4=X
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+4=X
Figure 181. Setting the Address Pattern in the Traffic Generator Configuration Interface
Figure 182.  Random-Sequential Address Mode

Example 5: Using Multiple Address Fields for Traversing Memory Hierarchy

Consider the following instruction pattern:

TG_LOOP_COUNT=0 TG_WRITE_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_IDLE_COUNT=0
TG_WRITE_COUNT=1 TG_READ_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_LOOP_IDLE_COUNT=0
TG_READ_COUNT=0 TG_BURST_LENGTH=1

Address pattern:

This address pattern uses multiple fields to traverse the memory hierarchy to isolate a specific bank group for signal integrity testing. You specify the mapping between the Avalon® control interface and the memory address and command interface using the Address Ordering parameter on the Controller tab of the parameter editor.

For example, consider a quarter-rate EMIF IP variant configured such that CTRL_DDR4_ADDR_ORDER_ENUM = DDR4_CTRL_ADDR_ORDER_CS_R_B_C_BG and the external memory is of the following format:

Table 164.  
Hierarchy Level Parameter Value of Parameter
Rank 
MEM_DDR4_DISCRETE_CS_WIDTH (cs)
 1
Bank Group 
MEM_DDR4_BANK_GROUP_WIDTH (BG)
 2
Bank 
MEM_DDR4_BANK_ADDR_WIDTH (BA)
 2
Row 
MEM_DDR4_ROW_ADDR_WIDTH (R)
 15
Column 
MEM_DDR4_COL_ADDR_WIDTH  (C)
 10

For this parameterization, the address bits map to the memory address and command pins on the EMIF ctrl_amm interface as follows:

25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R BA BA C C C C C C C BG BG

In the above example, the EMIF control interface address only uses 7 column bits. Due to the quarter-rate user logic and the double data rate interface, each instruction on the ctrl_amm interface causes a burst length of 8 on the memory side. We do not explicitly address those 3 bits on the ctrl_amm interface.

In this example the goal is to generate traffic for a randomly chosen bank in bank group 3. To write to every row and column combination in this bank requires 216x27=223 unique writes on the control interface. Each TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ register is 16 bits wide, meaning that the maximum relative frequency setting is 216-1. This maximum relative frequency does not allow access to every row and column in a bank, but does allow sufficient random coverage to test the signal integrity of each bank. 

Write Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR  =0x0003
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+1=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+2=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+3=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+4=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+5=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+6=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+7=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+8=X
        …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+11=X

Read Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD  =0x0003
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+1=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+2=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+3=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+4=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+5=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+6=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+7=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+8=X
        …
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+11=X

Write Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR=0
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+1=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+2=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+3=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+4=3
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+5=3

Read Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD=0
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+1=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+2=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+3=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+4=3
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+5=3

Sequential Address Increments:
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR=X
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+1=1
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+2=X
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+3=1
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+4=X
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+5=X

Return to Start Address:
TG_RETURN_TO_START_ADDR=0

Relative Frequencies:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ=1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+1=1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+2=216-1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+3=27
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+4=X
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+5=X

MSB Indices:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX=1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+1=8
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+2=10
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+3=AMM_WORD_ADDRESS_WIDTH-1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+4=X
Figure 183. Setting this Address Pattern Configuration in the Traffic Generator Configuration Interface

This address pattern can be performed in advanced mode only.

Figure 184.  Multiple Address Fields for Traversing Memory Hierarchy

The first three writes represent the start of traffic where field 1 is incrementing every cycle. The first write after the time skip represents write number 27, as this is the first time that field 3 is incremented by 1 due to a relative frequency setting of 27. The first write after the second time skip represents write number 216, as this is the first time that a new value is generated for field 2 due to a relative frequency setting of 216-1

Example 6: Using All Address Fields

Consider the following instruction pattern:

TG_LOOP_COUNT=2 TG_WRITE_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_IDLE_COUNT=0
TG_WRITE_COUNT=3 TG_READ_REPEAT_COUNT=1 TG_RW_GEN_LOOP_IDLE_COUNT=0
TG_READ_COUNT=3 TG_BURST_LENGTH=1

Address pattern:

This address pattern illustrates the abilities of the advanced mode, by tying different address bits to a variety of different address generators, each with a different relative frequency. 

Write Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR  =0x000a
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+1=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+2=0x0005
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+3=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+4=0x000a
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+5=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+6=0x0005
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+7=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+8=0x000a
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+9=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+10=0x007f
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_WR+11=0x0000

Read Start Addresses:
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD  =0x000a
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+1=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+2=0x0005
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+3=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+4=0x000a
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+5=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+6=0x0005
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+7=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+8=0x000a
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+9=0x0000
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+10=0x007f
TG_SEQ_START_ADDR_RD+11=0x0000

Write Address Modes:   
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+1=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+2=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+3=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+4=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_WR+5=0    

Read Address Modes:
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+1=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+2=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+3=2
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+4=1
TG_ADDR_MODE_RD+5=0   

Sequential Address Increments:
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR=X
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+1=5
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+2=X
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+3=2
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+4=X
TG_SEQ_ADDR_INCR+5=X

Return to Start Address:
TG_RETURN_TO_START_ADDR=0

Relative Frequencies:  
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ=1
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+1=2
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+2=3
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+3=4
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+4=5
TG_ADDR_FIELD_RELATIVE_FREQ+5=X

MSB Indices:
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX=3
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+1=7
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+2=11
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+3=15
TG_ADDR_FIELD_MSB_INDEX+4=19
Figure 185. How to set this address pattern configuration in the Traffic Generator Configuration Interface

This address pattern can be performed in advanced mode only.

Figure 186. Multiple Address Fields
Level Two Title