Intel® Quartus® Prime Pro Edition User Guide: Design Recommendations

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Date 6/20/2022
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
1. Recommended HDL Coding Styles 2. Recommended Design Practices 3. Managing Metastability with the Intel® Quartus® Prime Software 4. Intel® Quartus® Prime Pro Edition User Guide: Design Recommendations Archive A. Intel® Quartus® Prime Pro Edition User Guides
1. Recommended HDL Coding Styles x
1.1. Using Provided HDL Templates 1.2. Instantiating IP Cores in HDL 1.3. Inferring Multipliers and DSP Functions 1.4. Inferring Memory Functions from HDL Code 1.5. Register and Latch Coding Guidelines 1.6. General Coding Guidelines 1.7. Designing with Low-Level Primitives 1.8. Recommended HDL Coding Styles Revision History
1.1. Using Provided HDL Templates x
1.1.1. Inserting HDL Code from a Provided Template
1.3. Inferring Multipliers and DSP Functions x
1.3.1. Inferring Multipliers 1.3.2. Inferring Multiply-Accumulator and Multiply-Adder Functions
1.4. Inferring Memory Functions from HDL Code x
1.4.1. Inferring RAM functions from HDL Code 1.4.2. Inferring ROM Functions from HDL Code 1.4.3. Inferring Shift Registers in HDL Code 1.4.4. Inferring FIFOs in HDL Code
1.4.1. Inferring RAM functions from HDL Code x
1.4.1.1. Use Synchronous Memory Blocks 1.4.1.2. Avoid Unsupported Reset and Control Conditions 1.4.1.3. Check Read-During-Write Behavior 1.4.1.4. Controlling RAM Inference and Implementation 1.4.1.5. Single-Clock Synchronous RAM with Old Data Read-During-Write Behavior 1.4.1.6. Single-Clock Synchronous RAM with New Data Read-During-Write Behavior 1.4.1.7. Simple Dual-Port, Dual-Clock Synchronous RAM 1.4.1.8. True Dual-Port Synchronous RAM 1.4.1.9. Mixed-Width Dual-Port RAM 1.4.1.10. RAM with Byte-Enable Signals 1.4.1.11. Specifying Initial Memory Contents at Power-Up
1.4.3. Inferring Shift Registers in HDL Code x
1.4.3.1. Simple Shift Register 1.4.3.2. Shift Register with Evenly Spaced Taps
1.4.4. Inferring FIFOs in HDL Code x
1.4.4.1. Dual Clock FIFO Example in Verilog HDL 1.4.4.2. Dual Clock FIFO Timing Constraints
1.5. Register and Latch Coding Guidelines x
1.5.1. Register Power-Up Values 1.5.2. Secondary Register Control Signals Such as Clear and Clock Enable 1.5.3. Latches
1.5.1. Register Power-Up Values x
1.5.1.1. Specifying a Power-Up Value
1.5.3. Latches x
1.5.3.1. Avoid Unintentional Latch Generation 1.5.3.2. Inferring Latches Correctly
1.6. General Coding Guidelines x
1.6.1. Tri-State Signals 1.6.2. Clock Multiplexing 1.6.3. Adder Trees 1.6.4. State Machine HDL Guidelines 1.6.5. Multiplexer HDL Guidelines 1.6.6. Cyclic Redundancy Check Functions 1.6.7. Comparator HDL Guidelines 1.6.8. Counter HDL Guidelines
1.6.3. Adder Trees x
1.6.3.1. Architectures with 6-Input LUTs in Adaptive Logic Modules
1.6.4. State Machine HDL Guidelines x
1.6.4.1. State Machine Power-Up 1.6.4.2. Verilog HDL State Machines 1.6.4.3. VHDL State Machines
1.6.4.2. Verilog HDL State Machines x
1.6.4.2.1. Verilog-2001 State Machine Coding Example 1.6.4.2.2. SystemVerilog State Machine Coding Example
1.6.4.3. VHDL State Machines x
1.6.4.3.1. VHDL State Machine Coding Example
1.6.5. Multiplexer HDL Guidelines x
1.6.5.1. Intel® Quartus® Prime Software Option for Multiplexer Restructuring 1.6.5.2. Multiplexer Types 1.6.5.3. Implicit Defaults in IF Statements 1.6.5.4. default or OTHERS CASE Assignment
1.6.5.2. Multiplexer Types x
1.6.5.2.1. Binary Multiplexers 1.6.5.2.2. Selector Multiplexers 1.6.5.2.3. Priority Multiplexers
1.6.6. Cyclic Redundancy Check Functions x
1.6.6.1. If Performance is Important, Optimize for Speed 1.6.6.2. Use Separate CRC Blocks Instead of Cascaded Stages 1.6.6.3. Use Separate CRC Blocks Instead of Allowing Blocks to Merge 1.6.6.4. Take Advantage of Latency if Available 1.6.6.5. Save Power by Disabling CRC Blocks When Not in Use 1.6.6.6. Initialize the Device with the Synchronous Load (sload) Signal
2. Recommended Design Practices x
2.1. Following Synchronous FPGA Design Practices 2.2. HDL Design Guidelines 2.3. Use Clock and Register-Control Architectural Features 2.4. Implementing Embedded RAM 2.5. Design Assistant Design Rule Checking 2.6. Recommended Design Practices Revision History
2.1. Following Synchronous FPGA Design Practices x
2.1.1. Implementing Synchronous Designs 2.1.2. Asynchronous Design Hazards
2.2. HDL Design Guidelines x
2.2.1. Considerations for the Intel® Hyperflex™ FPGA Architecture 2.2.2. Optimizing Combinational Logic 2.2.3. Optimizing Clocking Schemes 2.2.4. Optimizing Physical Implementation and Timing Closure 2.2.5. Optimizing Power Consumption 2.2.6. Managing Design Metastability
2.2.2. Optimizing Combinational Logic x
2.2.2.1. Avoid Combinational Loops 2.2.2.2. Avoid Unintended Latch Inference 2.2.2.3. Avoid Delay Chains in Clock Paths 2.2.2.4. Use Synchronous Pulse Generators
2.2.3. Optimizing Clocking Schemes x
2.2.3.1. Register Combinational Logic Outputs 2.2.3.2. Avoid Asynchronous Clock Division 2.2.3.3. Avoid Ripple Counters 2.2.3.4. Use Multiplexed Clocks 2.2.3.5. Use Gated Clocks 2.2.3.6. Use Synchronous Clock Enables
2.2.3.5. Use Gated Clocks x
2.2.3.5.1. Recommended Clock-Gating Methods
2.2.4. Optimizing Physical Implementation and Timing Closure x
2.2.4.1. Planning Physical Implementation 2.2.4.2. Planning FPGA Resources 2.2.4.3. Optimizing for Timing Closure 2.2.4.4. Optimizing Critical Timing Paths
2.3. Use Clock and Register-Control Architectural Features x
2.3.1. Use Global Reset Resources 2.3.2. Use Global Clock Network Resources 2.3.3. Use Clock Region Assignments to Optimize Clock Constraints 2.3.4. Avoid Asynchronous Register Control Signals
2.3.1. Use Global Reset Resources x
2.3.1.1. Use Synchronous Resets 2.3.1.2. Using Asynchronous Resets 2.3.1.3. Use Synchronized Asynchronous Reset
2.3.3. Use Clock Region Assignments to Optimize Clock Constraints x
2.3.3.1. Clock Region Assignments in Intel® Stratix® 10 Devices 2.3.3.2. Clock Region Assignments in Intel® Arria® 10 and Older Device Families
2.5. Design Assistant Design Rule Checking x
2.5.1. Setting Up Design Assistant 2.5.2. Running Design Assistant During Compilation 2.5.3. Running Design Assistant in Analysis Mode 2.5.4. Cross-Probing from Design Assistant 2.5.5. Managing Design Assistant Rules 2.5.6. Design Assistant Rule Categories
2.5.1. Setting Up Design Assistant x
2.5.1.1. Design Assistant Rule Severity Levels
2.5.2. Running Design Assistant During Compilation x
2.5.2.1. Opening Design Assistant Rule Help
2.5.3. Running Design Assistant in Analysis Mode x
2.5.3.1. Launching Design Assistant from Chip Planner 2.5.3.2. Launching Design Assistant from Timing Analyzer
2.5.4. Cross-Probing from Design Assistant x
2.5.4.1. Cross-Probing from Design Assistant to Timing Analyzer 2.5.4.2. Cross-Probing from Design Assistant to Visualization Tools
2.5.5. Managing Design Assistant Rules x
2.5.5.1. Changing the Default Number of Violations per Rule 2.5.5.2. Enabling Rules for Specific Compiler Stages 2.5.5.3. Specifying Rule Parameters for a Specific Compiler Stage 2.5.5.4. Modifying Rule Severity Levels 2.5.5.5. Waiving Design Assistant Rules 2.5.5.6. Design Assistant Tags
2.5.5.5. Waiving Design Assistant Rules x
2.5.5.5.1. Creating Design Assistant Waivers 2.5.5.5.2. Design Assistant Waiver Dialog Box 2.5.5.5.3. Deleting Design Assistant Waivers 2.5.5.5.4. Design Assistant Waiver Tcl Commands 2.5.5.5.5. drc::add_waiver Command 2.5.5.5.6. drc::get_waivers Command 2.5.5.5.7. drc::report_waivers Command
3. Managing Metastability with the Intel® Quartus® Prime Software x
3.1. Metastability Analysis in the Intel® Quartus® Prime Software 3.2. Metastability and MTBF Reporting 3.3. MTBF Optimization 3.4. Reducing Metastability Effects 3.5. Scripting Support 3.6. Managing Metastability 3.7. Managing Metastability with the Intel® Quartus® Prime Software Revision History
3.1. Metastability Analysis in the Intel® Quartus® Prime Software x
3.1.1. Data Synchronization Register Chains 3.1.2. Identify Synchronizers for Metastability Analysis 3.1.3. How Timing Constraints Affect Synchronizer Identification and Metastability Analysis
3.2. Metastability and MTBF Reporting x
3.2.1. Metastability Reports 3.2.2. Synchronizer Data Toggle Rate in MTBF Calculation
3.2.1. Metastability Reports x
3.2.1.1. MTBF Summary Report 3.2.1.2. Synchronizer Summary Report 3.2.1.3. Synchronizer Chain Statistics Report in the Timing Analyzer
3.2.1.1. MTBF Summary Report x
3.2.1.1.1. Typical and Worst-Case MTBF of Design 3.2.1.1.2. Synchronizer Chains 3.2.1.1.3. Increasing Available Settling Time
3.3. MTBF Optimization x
3.3.1. Synchronization Register Chain Length
3.4. Reducing Metastability Effects x
3.4.1. Apply Complete System-Centric Timing Constraints for the Timing Analyzer 3.4.2. Force the Identification of Synchronization Registers 3.4.3. Set the Synchronizer Data Toggle Rate 3.4.4. Optimize Metastability During Fitting 3.4.5. Increase the Length of Synchronizers to Protect and Optimize 3.4.6. Increase the Number of Stages Used in Synchronizers 3.4.7. Select a Faster Speed Grade Device
3.5. Scripting Support x
3.5.1. Identifying Synchronizers for Metastability Analysis 3.5.2. Synchronizer Data Toggle Rate in MTBF Calculation 3.5.3. report_metastability and Tcl Command 3.5.4. MTBF Optimization 3.5.5. Synchronization Register Chain Length
1. Recommended HDL Coding Styles
2. Recommended Design Practices
3. Managing Metastability with the Intel® Quartus® Prime Software
4. Intel® Quartus® Prime Pro Edition User Guide: Design Recommendations Archive
A. Intel® Quartus® Prime Pro Edition User Guides

2.1.2. Asynchronous Design Hazards

Asynchronous design techniques, such as ripple counters or pulse generators, can work as “short cuts” to save device resources. However, asynchronous techniques have inherent problems. For example, relying on propagation delays can result in incomplete timing constraints and possible glitches and spikes, because propagation delay varies with temperature and voltage fluctuations.

Asynchronous design structures that depend on the relative propagation delays can present race conditions. Race conditions arise when the order of signal changes affect the output of the logic. The same logic design can have varying timing delays with each compilation, depending on placement and routing. The number of possible variations make it impossible to determine the timing delay associated with a particular block of logic. As devices become faster due to process improvements, delays in asynchronous designs may decrease, resulting in designs that do not function as expected. Relying on a particular delay also makes asynchronous designs difficult to migrate to other architectures, devices, or speed grades.

The timing of asynchronous design structures is often difficult or impossible to model with timing assignments and constraints. If you do not have complete or accurate timing constraints, the timing-driven algorithms that synthesis and place-and-route tools use may not be able to perform the best optimizations, and the reported results may be incomplete.

Additionally, asynchronous design structures can generate glitches, which are pulses that are very short compared to clock periods. Combinational logic is the main cause of glitches. When the inputs to the combinational logic change, the outputs exhibit several glitches before settling to their new values. Glitches can propagate through combinational logic, leading to incorrect values on the outputs in asynchronous designs. In synchronous designs, glitches on register's data inputs have no negative consequences, because data processing waits until the next clock edge.

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