Visible to Intel only — GUID: GUID-5600539E-DB5A-4B21-8FC2-B8A34968FB1F
Package Contents
Parallelizing Simple Loops
Parallelizing Complex Loops
Parallelizing Data Flow and Dependence Graphs
Work Isolation
Exceptions and Cancellation
Containers
Mutual Exclusion
Timing
Memory Allocation
The Task Scheduler
Design Patterns
Migrating from Threading Building Blocks (TBB)
Constrained APIs
Invoke a Callable Object
Appendix A Costs of Time Slicing
Appendix B Mixing With Other Threading Packages
References
parallel_for_each Body semantics and requirements
parallel_sort ranges interface extension
TBB_malloc_replacement_log Function
Type-specified message keys for join_node
Scalable Memory Pools
Helper Functions for Expressing Graphs
concurrent_lru_cache
task_group extensions
The customizing mutex type for concurrent_hash_map
Visible to Intel only — GUID: GUID-5600539E-DB5A-4B21-8FC2-B8A34968FB1F
Lambda Expressions
C++11 lambda expressions make the oneAPI Threading Building Blocks (oneTBB) parallel_for much easier to use. A lambda expression lets the compiler do the tedious work of creating a function object.
Below is the example from the previous section, rewritten with a lambda expression. The lambda expression, replaces both the declaration and construction of function object ApplyFoo in the example of the previous section.
#include "oneapi/tbb.h"
using namespace oneapi::tbb;
void ParallelApplyFoo( float* a, size_t n ) {
parallel_for( blocked_range<size_t>(0,n),
[=](const blocked_range<size_t>& r) {
for(size_t i=r.begin(); i!=r.end(); ++i)
Foo(a[i]);
}
);
}
The [=] introduces the lambda expression. The expression creates a function object very similar to ApplyFoo. When local variables like a and n are declared outside the lambda expression, but used inside it, they are “captured” as fields inside the function object. The [=] specifies that capture is by value. Writing [&] instead would capture the values by reference. After the [=] is the parameter list and definition for the operator() of the generated function object. The compiler documentation says more about lambda expressions and other implemented C++11 features. It is worth reading more complete descriptions of lambda expressions than can fit here, because lambda expressions are a powerful feature for using template libraries in general.
C++11 support is off by default in the compiler. The following table shows the option for turning it on.
Environment |
Intel® C++ Compiler Classic |
Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler |
|---|---|---|
Windows* OS systems |
icl /Qstd=c++11 foo.cpp |
icx /Qstd=c++11 foo.cpp |
Linux* OS systems |
icc -std=c++11 foo.cpp |
icx -std=c++11 foo.cpp |
For further compactness, oneTBB has a form of parallel_for expressly for parallel looping over a consecutive range of integers. The expression parallel_for(first,last,step,f) is like writing for(auto i=first; i<last; i+=step)f(i) except that each f(i) can be evaluated in parallel if resources permit. The step parameter is optional. Here is the previous example rewritten in the compact form:
#include "oneapi/tbb.h"
using namespace oneapi::tbb;
#pragma warning(disable: 588)
void ParallelApplyFoo(float a[], size_t n) {
parallel_for(size_t(0), n, [=](size_t i) {Foo(a[i]);});
}
The compact form supports only unidimensional iteration spaces of integers and the automatic chunking feature detailed on the following section.