Intel® Quartus® Prime Pro Edition User Guide: Design Recommendations

ID 683082
Date 8/03/2023
Public

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2.2.3.4. Use Multiplexed Clocks

Use clock multiplexing to operate the same logic function with different clock sources. In these designs, multiplexing selects a clock source.

For example, telecommunications applications that deal with multiple frequency standards often use multiplexed clocks.

Figure 12. Multiplexing Logic and Clock Sources

Adding multiplexing logic to the clock signal can create the problems addressed in the previous sections, but requirements for multiplexed clocks vary widely, depending on the application. Clock multiplexing is acceptable when the clock signal uses global clock routing resources and if the following criteria are met:

  • The clock multiplexing logic does not change after initial configuration
  • The design uses multiplexing logic to select a clock for testing purposes
  • Registers are always reset when the clock switches
  • A temporarily incorrect response following clock switching has no negative consequences

If the design switches clocks in real time with no reset signal, and your design cannot tolerate a temporarily incorrect response, you must use a synchronous design so that there are no timing violations on the registers, no glitches on clock signals, and no race conditions or other logical problems. By default, the Intel® Quartus® Prime software optimizes and analyzes all possible paths through the multiplexer and between both internal clocks that may come from the multiplexer. This may lead to more restrictive analysis than required if the multiplexer is always selecting one particular clock. If you do not require the more complete analysis, you can assign the output of the multiplexer as a base clock in the Intel® Quartus® Prime software, so that all register-to-register paths are analyzed using that clock.

Tip: Use dedicated hardware to perform clock multiplexing when it is available, instead of using multiplexing logic. For example, you can use the clock-switchover feature or clock control block available in certain Intel FPGA devices. These dedicated hardware blocks ensure that you use global low-skew routing lines and avoid any possible hold time problems on the device due to logic delay on the clock line.
Note: For device-specific information about clocking structures, refer to the appropriate device data sheet or handbook.