Visible to Intel only — GUID: GUID-C6F6047E-CC6F-4575-9963-2DE569DFDED1
Package Contents
Parallelizing Simple Loops
Parallelizing Complex Loops
Parallelizing Data Flow and Dependence Graphs
Work Isolation
Exceptions and Cancellation
Containers
Mutual Exclusion
Timing
Memory Allocation
The Task Scheduler
Design Patterns
Migrating from Threading Building Blocks (TBB)
Constrained APIs
Invoke a Callable Object
Appendix A Costs of Time Slicing
Appendix B Mixing With Other Threading Packages
References
parallel_for_each Body semantics and requirements
parallel_sort ranges interface extension
TBB_malloc_replacement_log Function
Type-specified message keys for join_node
Scalable Memory Pools
Helper Functions for Expressing Graphs
concurrent_lru_cache
task_group extensions
The customizing mutex type for concurrent_hash_map
Visible to Intel only — GUID: GUID-C6F6047E-CC6F-4575-9963-2DE569DFDED1
Use Nested Flow Graphs
In addition to nesting algorithms within a flow graph node, it is also possible to nest flow graphs. For example, below there is a graph g with two nodes, a and b. When node a receives a message, it constructs and executes an inner dependence graph. When node b receives a message, it constructs and executes an inner data flow graph:
graph g;
function_node< int, int > a( g, unlimited, []( int i ) -> int {
graph h;
node_t n1( h, [=]( msg_t ) { cout << "n1: " << i << "\n"; } );
node_t n2( h, [=]( msg_t ) { cout << "n2: " << i << "\n"; } );
node_t n3( h, [=]( msg_t ) { cout << "n3: " << i << "\n"; } );
node_t n4( h, [=]( msg_t ) { cout << "n4: " << i << "\n"; } );
make_edge( n1, n2 );
make_edge( n1, n3 );
make_edge( n2, n4 );
make_edge( n3, n4 );
n1.try_put(continue_msg());
h.wait_for_all();
return i;
} );
function_node< int, int > b( g, unlimited, []( int i ) -> int {
graph h;
function_node< int, int > m1( h, unlimited, []( int j ) -> int {
cout << "m1: " << j << "\n";
return j;
} );
function_node< int, int > m2( h, unlimited, []( int j ) -> int {
cout << "m2: " << j << "\n";
return j;
} );
function_node< int, int > m3( h, unlimited, []( int j ) -> int {
cout << "m3: " << j << "\n";
return j;
} );
function_node< int, int > m4( h, unlimited, []( int j ) -> int {
cout << "m4: " << j << "\n";
return j;
} );
make_edge( m1, m2 );
make_edge( m1, m3 );
make_edge( m2, m4 );
make_edge( m3, m4 );
m1.try_put(i);
h.wait_for_all();
return i;
} );
make_edge( a, b );
for ( int i = 0; i < 3; ++i ) {
a.try_put(i);
}
g.wait_for_all();
If the nested graph remains unchanged in structure between invocations of the node, it is redundant to construct it each time. Reconstructing the graph only adds overhead to the execution. You can modify the example above, for example, to have node b reuse a graph that is persistent across its invocations:
graph h;
function_node< int, int > m1( h, unlimited, []( int j ) -> int {
cout << "m1: " << j << "\n";
return j;
} );
function_node< int, int > m2( h, unlimited, []( int j ) -> int {
cout << "m2: " << j << "\n";
return j;
} );
function_node< int, int > m3( h, unlimited, []( int j ) -> int {
cout << "m3: " << j << "\n";
return j;
} );
function_node< int, int > m4( h, unlimited, []( int j ) -> int {
cout << "m4: " << j << "\n";
return j;
} );
make_edge( m1, m2 );
make_edge( m1, m3 );
make_edge( m2, m4 );
make_edge( m3, m4 );
graph g;
function_node< int, int > a( g, unlimited, []( int i ) -> int {
graph h;
node_t n1( h, [=]( msg_t ) { cout << "n1: " << i << "\n"; } );
node_t n2( h, [=]( msg_t ) { cout << "n2: " << i << "\n"; } );
node_t n3( h, [=]( msg_t ) { cout << "n3: " << i << "\n"; } );
node_t n4( h, [=]( msg_t ) { cout << "n4: " << i << "\n"; } );
make_edge( n1, n2 );
make_edge( n1, n3 );
make_edge( n2, n4 );
make_edge( n3, n4 );
n1.try_put(continue_msg());
h.wait_for_all();
return i;
} );
function_node< int, int > b( g, unlimited, [&]( int i ) -> int {
m1.try_put(i);
h.wait_for_all(); // optional since h is not destroyed
return i;
} );
make_edge( a, b );
for ( int i = 0; i < 3; ++i ) {
a.try_put(i);
}
g.wait_for_all();
It is only necessary to call h.wait_for_all() at the end of each invocation of b’s body in our modified code, if you wish for this b’s body to block until the inner graph is done. In the first implementation of b, it was necessary to call h.wait_for_all at the end of each invocation since the graph was destroyed at the end of the scope. So it would be valid in the body of b above to call m1.try_put(i) and then return without waiting for h to become idle.