Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Developer Guide and Reference

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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Developer Guide and Reference
Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Developer Guide and Reference x
Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Introduction Compiler Setup Compiler Reference Compilation Optimization and Programming Compatibility and Portability Notices and Disclaimers
Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Introduction x
Get Help and Support Related Information
Compiler Setup x
Use the Command Line Use Eclipse Use Microsoft Visual Studio
Use the Command Line x
Specify Component Locations Invoke the Compiler Use the Command Line on Windows File Extensions Use Makefiles for Compilation Use CMake with the Compiler Use Compiler Options Specify Compiler Files Convert Projects to Use a Selected Compiler
Use Eclipse x
Add the Compiler to Eclipse Multiversion Compiler Support Use Cheat Sheets Create a Simple Eclipse Project Makefiles Use Intel Libraries with Eclipse
Use Microsoft Visual Studio x
Create a New Project Use the Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Select the Compiler Version Specify a Base Platform Toolset Use Property Pages Use Intel® Libraries with Microsoft Visual Studio* Include MPI Support Dialog Box Help
Dialog Box Help x
Options: Compilers dialog box Use Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler dialog box Options: Intel Libraries for oneAPI dialog box
Compiler Reference x
C/C++/SYCL Calling Conventions Compiler Options Floating-Point Operations Attributes Intrinsics Libraries Macros Pragmas Error Handling
Compiler Options x
Alphabetical Option List General Rules for Compiler Options What Appears in the Compiler Option Descriptions Optimization Options Code Generation Options Interprocedural Optimization Options Advanced Optimization Options Profile Guided Optimization Options Optimization Report Options Offload Compilation, OpenMP*, and Parallel Processing Options Floating-Point Options Inlining Options Output, Debug, and Precompiled Header Options Preprocessor Options Component Control Options Language Options Data Options Compiler Diagnostic Options Compatibility Options Linking or Linker Options Miscellaneous Options Deprecated and Removed Compiler Options Display Option Information Alternate Compiler Options Portability and GCC-Compatible Warning Options
Optimization Options x
fast fbuiltin, Oi foptimize-sibling-calls GF nolib-inline O Od Ofast Os Ot Ox
Code Generation Options x
arch ax, Qax EH fasynchronous-unwind-tables fcf-protection, Qcf-protection fdata-sections, Gw fexceptions ffunction-sections, Gy fomit-frame-pointer Gd GR guard Gv m, Qm m64, Qm64 m80387 march masm mauto-arch, Qauto-arch mbranches-within-32B-boundaries, Qbranches-within-32B-boundaries mintrinsic-promote, Qintrinsic-promote momit-leaf-frame-pointer mtune, tune regcall, Qregcall x, Qx xHost, QxHost
Interprocedural Optimization Options x
flto ipo, Qipo
Advanced Optimization Options x
ffreestanding, Qfreestanding fjump-tables fvec-peel-loops, Qvec-peel-loops fvec-remainder-loops, Qvec-remainder-loops fvec-with-mask, Qvec-with-mask ipp-link, Qipp-link mno-gather, Qgather- mno-scatter, Qscatter- qactypes, Qactypes qdaal, Qdaal qipp, Qipp qmkl, Qmkl qmkl-ilp64, Qmkl-ilp64 qopt-assume-no-loop-carried-dep, Qopt-assume-no-loop-carried-dep qopt-dynamic-align, Qopt-dynamic-align qopt-for-throughput, Qopt-for-throughput qopt-mem-layout-trans, Qopt-mem-layout-trans qopt-multiple-gather-scatter-by-shuffles, Qopt-multiple-gather-scatter-by-shuffles qopt-prefetch, Qopt-prefetch qopt-streaming-stores, Qopt-streaming-stores qtbb, Qtbb unroll, Qunroll vec, Qvec vec-threshold, Qvec-threshold vecabi, Qvecabi
Profile Guided Optimization Options x
fprofile-dwo-dir fprofile-ml-use fprofile-sample-generate fprofile-sample-use
Optimization Report Options x
qopt-report, Qopt-report qopt-report-file, Qopt-report-file qopt-report-stdout, Qopt-report-stdout
Offload Compilation, OpenMP*, and Parallel Processing Options x
device-math-lib fintelfpga fiopenmp, Qiopenmp flink-huge-device-code fno-sycl-libspirv foffload-static-lib fopenmp fopenmp-declare-target-scalar-defaultmap, Qopenmp-declare-target-scalar-defaultmap fopenmp-device-code-split, Qopenmp-device-code-split fopenmp-device-lib fopenmp-max-parallel-link-jobs, Qopenmp-max-parallel-link-jobs fopenmp-target-buffers, Qopenmp-target-buffers fopenmp-targets, Qopenmp-targets fsycl fsycl-add-targets fsycl-dead-args-optimization fsycl-device-code-split fsycl-device-lib fsycl-device-obj fsycl-device-only fsycl-early-optimizations fsycl-enable-function-pointers fsycl-esimd-force-stateless-mem fsycl-explicit-simd fsycl-force-target fsycl-help fsycl-host-compiler fsycl-host-compiler-options fsycl-id-queries-fit-in-int fsycl-instrument-device-code fsycl-link fsycl-link-huge-device-code fsycl-link-targets fsycl-max-parallel-link-jobs fsycl-optimize-non-user-code fsycl-pstl-offload fsycl-rdc fsycl-targets fsycl-unnamed-lambda fsycl-use-bitcode ftarget-compile-fast ftarget-export-symbols nolibsycl qopenmp, Qopenmp qopenmp-link qopenmp-simd, Qopenmp-simd qopenmp-stubs, Qopenmp-stubs reuse-exe Wno-sycl-strict Xopenmp-target Xs Xsycl-target
Floating-Point Options x
ffp-contract fimf-absolute-error, Qimf-absolute-error fimf-accuracy-bits, Qimf-accuracy-bits fimf-arch-consistency, Qimf-arch-consistency fimf-domain-exclusion, Qimf-domain-exclusion fimf-max-error, Qimf-max-error fimf-precision, Qimf-precision fimf-use-svml, Qimf-use-svml fma, Qfma fp-model, fp fp-speculation, Qfp-speculation ftz, Qftz pc, Qpc
Inlining Options x
fgnu89-inline finline finline-functions
Output, Debug, and Precompiled Header Options x
c debug (Linux*) debug (Windows*) Fa fasm-blocks Fe Fo Fp fverbose-asm g gdwarf grecord-gcc-switches gsplit-dwarf o S use-msasm Y- Yc Yu Zi, Z7, ZI
Preprocessor Options x
B C D dD, QdD dM, QdM E EP FI H, QH I idirafter imacros iprefix iquote isystem iwithprefix iwithprefixbefore M, QM MD, QMD MF, QMF MG, QMG MM, QMM MMD, QMMD MQ, QMQ MT, QMT nostdinc++ P TP U undef X
Component Control Options x
Qoption
Language Options x
ansi fno-gnu-keywords fno-operator-names fno-rtti fpermissive fshort-enums fsyntax-only, Zs funsigned-char, J std, Qstd strict-ansi vd vmg x (type option) Zc Zg Zp
Data Options x
fcommon fkeep-static-consts, Qkeep-static-consts fmath-errno fpack-struct fpic fpie fstack-protector fstack-security-check fvisibility fzero-initialized-in-bss, Qzero-initialized-in-bss GA Gs GS mcmodel Qlong-double
Compiler Diagnostic Options x
w W Wabi Wall Wcheck-unicode-security Wcomment Wdeprecated Werror, WX Werror-all Wextra-tokens Wformat Wformat-security Wmain Wmissing-declarations Wmissing-prototypes Wpointer-arith Wreorder Wreturn-type Wshadow Wsign-compare Wstrict-aliasing Wstrict-prototypes Wtrigraphs Wuninitialized Wunknown-pragmas Wunused-function Wunused-variable Wwrite-strings
Compatibility Options x
gcc-toolchain vmv
Linking or Linker Options x
F (Windows*) fixed fortlib fuse-ld l L LD link MD MT nodefaultlibs no-intel-lib, Qno-intel-lib nostartfiles nostdlib pie pthread shared shared-intel shared-libgcc static static-intel static-libgcc static-libstdc++ T u (Linux*) v Wa Wl Wp Xlinker Zl
Miscellaneous Options x
dryrun dumpmachine dumpversion help nologo save-temps, Qsave-temps showIncludes sox, Qsox sysroot Tc TC Tp version
Floating-Point Operations x
Programming Tradeoffs in Floating-Point Applications Floating-Point Optimizations Denormal Numbers Floating-Point Environment Set the FTZ and DAZ Flags Tuning Performance IEEE Floating-Point Operations
Attributes x
align align_value allow_cpu_features const cpu_dispatch, cpu_specific target
Libraries x
Create Libraries Use Intel Shared Libraries on Linux Manage Libraries Redistribute Libraries When Deploying Applications Resolve References to Shared Libraries Sanitizers Intel's Memory Allocator Library SIMD Data Layout Templates Intel® C++ Class Libraries Intel's C++ Asynchronous I/O Extensions for Windows IEEE 754-2008 Binary Floating-Point Conformance Library Intel's Numeric String Conversion Library
SIMD Data Layout Templates x
Function Calls and Containers User-Level Interface Examples
Function Calls and Containers x
Construct an n_container Bounds
User-Level Interface x
SDLT Primitives soa1d_container aos1d_container n_container Bounds Accessors Proxy Objects Number Representation Indexes Convenience and Correctness
aos1d_container x
access_by
n_container x
Layouts Shape make_ n_container template function extent_d template function
Shape x
n_extent_generator
Bounds x
bounds_t sdlt::bounds Template Function n_bounds_t n_bounds_generator bounds_d Template Function
Accessors x
soa1d_container::accessor and aos1d_container::accessor soa1d_container::const_accessor and aos1d_container::const_accessor Accessor Concept
Proxy Objects x
Proxy ConstProxy
Number Representation x
aligned_offset fixed_offset
Indexes x
linear_index n_index_t n_index_generator index_d template function
Convenience and Correctness x
max_val min_val
Examples x
Efficiency with Structure of Arrays Example Complex SDLT Primitive Construction Example Forward Dependency Example Use of Offsets and Methods on a SDLT Primitive Example RGB to YUV Conversion Example
Intel® C++ Class Libraries x
C++ Classes and SIMD Operations Capabilities of C++ SIMD Classes Integer Vector Classes Floating-Point Vector Classes Classes Quick Reference Programming Example Intel's valarray Implementation
Integer Vector Classes x
Terms and Syntax Rules for Operators Assignment Operator Logical Operators Addition and Subtraction Operators Multiplication Operators Shift Operators Comparison Operators Conditional Select Operators Debug Operations Unpack Operators Pack Operators Clear MMX™ State Operator Integer Functions for Intel® Streaming SIMD Extensions Conversions between Fvec and Ivec
Floating-Point Vector Classes x
Fvec Syntax and Notation Data Alignment Conversions Constructors and Initialization Arithmetic Operators Minimum and Maximum Operators Logical Operators Compare Operators Conditional Select Operators for Fvec Classes Cacheability Support Operators Debug Operations Load and Store Operators Unpack Operators Move Mask Operators
Intel's C++ Asynchronous I/O Extensions for Windows x
Intel's C++ Asynchronous I/O Library for Windows Intel's C++ Asynchronous I/O Class for Windows
Intel's C++ Asynchronous I/O Library for Windows x
aio_read aio_write Example for aio_read and aio_write Functions aio_suspend Example for aio_suspend Function aio_error aio_return Example for aio_error and aio_return Functions aio_fsync aio_cancel Example for aio_cancel Function lio_listio Example for lio_listio Function Asynchronous I/O Function Errors
Intel's C++ Asynchronous I/O Class for Windows x
Template Class async_class get_last_operation_id wait get_status get_last_error get_error_operation_id stop_queue resume_queue clear_queue Example for Using async_class Template Class
IEEE 754-2008 Binary Floating-Point Conformance Library x
Intel® IEEE 754-2008 Binary Floating-Point Conformance Library and Usage Function List Homogeneous General-Computational Operations Functions General-Computational Operation Functions Quiet-Computational Operations Functions Signaling-Computational Operations Functions Non-Computational Operations Functions
Intel's Numeric String Conversion Library x
Use Intel's Numeric String Conversion Library Function List
Macros x
ISO Standard Predefined Macros Additional Predefined Macros Use Predefined Macros to Specify Intel® Compilers
Pragmas x
Intel-Specific Pragma Reference Intel-Supported Pragma Reference
Intel-Specific Pragma Reference x
block_loop/noblock_loop distribute_point inline, noinline, forceinline ivdep loop_count nofusion novector omp target variant dispatch ompx prefetch data prefetch/noprefetch unroll/nounroll unroll_and_jam/nounroll_and_jam vector
Compilation x
Compilation Overview Supported Environment Variables Pass Options to the Linker Specify Alternate Tools and Paths Use Configuration Files Use Response Files Global Symbols and Visibility Attributes for Linux* Save Compiler Information in Your Executable Link Debug Information Ahead of Time Compilation Device Offload Compilation Considerations Use a Third-Party Compiler as a Host Compiler for SYCL Code
Optimization and Programming x
Extensions OpenMP* Support Intel® oneAPI Level Zero Vectorization Instrumented Profile-Guided Optimization Hardware Profile-Guided Optimization High-Level Optimization Interprocedural Optimization Methods to Optimize Code Size Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Math Library
OpenMP* Support x
Add OpenMP* Support Parallel Processing Model Worksharing Using OpenMP* Control Thread Allocation OpenMP* Pragmas OpenMP* Library Support OpenMP* Contexts OpenMP* Advanced Issues OpenMP* Implementation-Defined Behaviors OpenMP* Examples
OpenMP* Library Support x
OpenMP* Runtime Library Routines Intel® Compiler Extension Routines to OpenMP* OpenMP* Support Libraries Use the OpenMP Libraries Thread Affinity Interface OpenMP* Memory Spaces and Allocators
OpenMP* Contexts x
OpenMP* Context Selectors Score and Match Context Selectors
Intel® oneAPI Level Zero x
Intel® oneAPI Level Zero Switch Intel® oneAPI Level Zero Backend Specification Programming with the Intel® oneAPI Level Zero Backend
Vectorization x
Automatic Vectorization Explicit Vector Programming
Automatic Vectorization x
Vectorization Programming Guidelines Use Automatic Vectorization Vectorization and Loops Loop Constructs
Explicit Vector Programming x
User-Mandated or SIMD Vectorization SIMD-Enabled Functions SIMD-Enabled Function Pointers Function Annotations and the SIMD Directive for Vectorization Explicit SIMD SYCL Extension
Interprocedural Optimization x
Use Interprocedural Optimization Performance Considerations Create a Library from IPO Objects Inline Expansion of Functions
Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Math Library x
Use the Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Math Library Math Function List Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic Functions Exponential Functions cbrt exp exp10 exp2 expm1 frexp hypot ilogb invsqrt ldexp log log10 log1p log2 logb pow pow2o3 pow3o2 powr scalb scalbn scalbln sqrt Special Functions Nearest Integer Functions Remainder Functions Miscellaneous Functions Complex Functions C99 Macros
Compatibility and Portability x
Standards Conformance GCC Compatibility and Interoperability Microsoft Compatibility Port from Microsoft Visual C++* to the Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Port from GCC* to the Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler
Port from Microsoft Visual C++* to the Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler x
Modify Your makefile Other Considerations
Port from GCC* to the Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler x
Modify Your makefile Other Considerations
Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Developer Guide and Reference

Exponential Functions

Many routines in the Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Math Library are more optimized for Intel® microprocessors than for non-Intel microprocessors.

The mathimf.h header file includes prototypes for Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Math Library functions.

The math library supports the following exponential functions:

NOTE:

FP16 Math Functions have the following requirements:

  • Version 2021.4 or higher of the Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler.

  • A next-generation Intel® Xeon® Scalable processor, code name Sapphire Rapids.

cbrt

Description: The cbrt function returns the cube root of x.

Calling interface:
double cbrt(double x);
long double cbrtl(long double x);
float cbrtf(float x);
_Float16 cbrtf16(_Float16 x);

exp

Description: The exp function returns e raised to the x power, ex.

errno: ERANGE, for underflow and overflow conditions

Calling interface:
double exp(double x);
long double expl(long double x);
float expf(float x);
_Float16 expf16(_Float16 x);

exp10

Description: The exp10 function returns 10 raised to the x power, 10x.

errno: ERANGE, for underflow and overflow conditions

Calling interface:
double exp10(double x);
long double exp10l(long double x);
float exp10f(float x);
_Float16 exp10f16(_Float16 x);

exp2

Description: The exp2 function returns 2 raised to the x power, 2x.

errno: ERANGE, for underflow and overflow conditions

Calling interface:
double exp2(double x);
long double exp2l(long double x);
float exp2f(float x);
_Float16 exp2f16(_Float16 x);

expm1

Description: The expm1 function returns e raised to the x power, minus 1, ex -1.

errno: ERANGE, for overflow conditions

Calling interface:
double expm1(double x);
long double expm1l(long double x);
float expm1f(float x);
_Float16 expm1f16(_Float16 x);

frexp

Description: The frexp function converts a floating-point number x into signed normalized fraction in [1/2, 1) multiplied by an integral power of two. The signed normalized fraction is returned, and the integer exponent stored at location exp.

Calling interface:
double frexp(double x, int *exp);
long double frexpl(long double x, int *exp);
float frexpf(float x, int *exp);
_Float16 frexpf16(_Float16 x, int *exp);

hypot

Description: The hypot function returns the square root of (x2 + y2).

errno: ERANGE, for overflow conditions

Calling interface:
double hypot(double x, double y);
long double hypotl(long double x, long double y);
float hypotf(float x, float y);
_Float16 hypotf16(_Float16 x, _Float16 y);

ilogb

Description: The ilogb function returns the exponent of x base two as a signed int value.

errno: ERANGE, for x = 0

Calling interface:
int ilogb(double x);
int ilogbl(long double x);
int ilogbf(float x);
int ilogbf16(_Float16 x);

invsqrt

Description: The invsqrt function returns the inverse square root.

Calling interface:
double invsqrt(double x);
long double invsqrtl(long double x);
float invsqrtf(float x);
_Float16 invsqrtf16(_Float16 x);

ldexp

Description: The ldexp function returns x*2exp, where exp is an integer value.

errno: ERANGE, for underflow and overflow conditions

Calling interface:
double ldexp(double x, int exp);
long double ldexpl(long double x, int exp);
float ldexpf(float x, int exp);
_Float16 ldexpf16(_Float16 x, int exp);

log

Description: The log function returns the natural log of x, ln(x).

errno: EDOM, for x < 0
errno: ERANGE, for x = 0

Calling interface:
double log(double x);
long double logl(long double x);
float logf(float x);
_Float16 logf16(_Float16 x);

log10

Description: The log10 function returns the base-10 log of x, log10(x).

errno: EDOM, for x < 0
errno: ERANGE, for x = 0

Calling interface:
double log10(double x);
long double log10l(long double x);
float log10f(float x);
_Float16 log10f16(_Float16 x);

log1p

Description: The log1p function returns the natural log of (x+1), ln(x + 1).

errno: EDOM, for x < -1
errno: ERANGE, for x = -1

Calling interface:
double log1p(double x);
long double log1pl(long double x);
float log1pf(float x);
_Float16 log1pf16(_Float16 x);

log2

Description: The log2 function returns the base-2 log of x, log2(x).

errno: EDOM, for x < 0
errno: ERANGE, for x = 0

Calling interface:
double log2(double x);
long double log2l(long double x);
float log2f(float x);
_Float16 log2f16(_Float16 x);

logb

Description: The logb function returns the signed exponent of x.

errno: EDOM, for x = 0

Calling interface:
double logb(double x);
long double logbl(long double x);
float logbf(float x);
_Float16 logbf16(_Float16 x);

pow

Description: The pow function returns x raised to the power of y, xy.

errno: EDOM, for x = 0 and y < 0
errno: EDOM, for x < 0 and y is a non-integer
errno: ERANGE, for overflow and underflow conditions

Calling interface:
double pow(double x, double y);
long double powl(double x, double y);
float powf(float x, float y);
_Float16 powf16(_Float16 x, _Float16 y);

pow2o3

Description: The pow2o3 function returns the cube root of x squared, cbrt(x2).

Calling interface:
double pow2o3(double x);
float pow2o3f(float x);
_Float16 pow2o3f16(_Float16 x);

pow3o2

Description: The pow3o2 function returns the square root of the cube of x, sqrt(x3).

errno: EDOM, for x < 0
errno: ERANGE, for overflow and underflow conditions

Calling interface:
double pow3o2(double x);
float pow3o2f(float x);
_Float16 pow3o2f16(_Float16 x);

powr

Description: The powr function returns x raised to the power of y, xy, where x ≥ 0.

errno: EDOM, for x < 0
errno: ERANGE, for overflow and underflow conditions

Calling interface:
double powr(double x, double y);
float powrf(float x, float y);
_Float16 powrf16(_Float16 x, _Float16 y);

scalb

Description: The scalb function returns x*2y, where y is a floating-point value.

errno: ERANGE, for underflow and overflow conditions

Calling interface:
double scalb(double x, double y);
long double scalbl(long double x, long double y);
float scalbf(float x, float y);
_Float16 scalbf16(_Float16 x, _Float16 y);

scalbn

Description: The scalbn function returns x*2n, where n is an integer value.

errno: ERANGE, for underflow and overflow conditions

Calling interface:
double scalbn(double x, int n);
long double scalbnl (long double x, int n);
float scalbnf(float x, int n);
_Float16 scalbnf16(_Float16 x, int n);

scalbln

Description: The scalbln function returns x*2n, where n is a long integer value.

errno: ERANGE, for underflow and overflow conditions

Calling interface:
double scalbln(double x, long int n);
long double scalblnl (long double x, long int n);
float scalblnf(float x, long int n);
_Float16 scalblnf16(_Float16 x, long int n);

sqrt

Description: The sqrt function returns the correctly rounded square root.

errno: EDOM, for x < 0

Calling interface:
double sqrt(double x);
long double sqrtl(long double x);
float sqrtf(float x);
_Float16 sqrtf16(_Float16 x);

Parent topic: Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Math Library
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