Developer Guide

Developer Guide for Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Linux*

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ID 766690
Date 12/16/2022
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
Developer Guide for Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library for Linux*
Developer Guide for Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library for Linux* x
Getting Help and Support What's New Notational Conventions Related Information Getting Started Structure of the Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Linking Your Application with the Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Managing Performance and Memory Language-specific Usage Options Obtaining Numerically Reproducible Results Coding Tips Managing Output Working with the Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Cluster Software Managing Behavior of the Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library with Environment Variables Configuring Your Integrated Development Environment to Link with Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Benchmarks Appendix A: Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Language Interfaces Support Appendix B: Support for Third-Party Interfaces Appendix C: Directory Structure in Detail Notices and Disclaimers
Getting Started x
Shared Library Versioning CMake Config for oneMKL Checking Your Installation Setting Environment Variables Compiler Support Using Code Examples What You Need to Know Before You Begin Using the Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library
Setting Environment Variables x
Scripts to Set Environment Variables Modulefiles to Set Environment Variables Automating the Process of Setting Environment Variables Using the CMake Config File
Structure of the Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library x
Architecture Support High-level Directory Structure Layered Model Concept
Linking Your Application with the Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library x
Linking Quick Start Linking Examples Linking in Detail Building Custom Shared Objects
Linking Quick Start x
Using the -qmkl Compiler Option Using the Single Dynamic Library Selecting Libraries to Link with Using the Link-line Advisor Using the Command-Line Link Tool
Linking Examples x
Linking on IA-32 Architecture Systems Linking on Intel(R) 64 Architecture Systems
Linking in Detail x
Listing Libraries on a Link Line Dynamically Selecting the Interface and Threading Layer Linking with Interface Libraries Linking with Threading Libraries Linking with Computational Libraries Linking with Compiler Run-time Libraries Linking with System Libraries
Linking with Interface Libraries x
Using the ILP64 Interface vs. LP64 Interface Linking with Fortran 95 Interface Libraries
Building Custom Shared Objects x
Using the Custom Shared Object Builder Composing a List of Functions Specifying Function Names Distributing Your Custom Shared Object
Managing Performance and Memory x
Improving Performance with Threading Improving Performance for Small Size Problems Other Tips and Techniques to Improve Performance Using Memory Functions
Improving Performance with Threading x
OpenMP* Threaded Functions and Problems Functions Threaded with Intel® Threading Building Blocks Avoiding Conflicts in the Execution Environment Techniques to Set the Number of Threads Setting the Number of Threads Using an OpenMP* Environment Variable Changing the Number of OpenMP* Threads at Run Time Using Additional Threading Control Calling oneMKL Functions from Multi-threaded Applications Using Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology Managing Multi-core Performance Managing Performance with Heterogeneous Cores
Using Additional Threading Control x
oneMKL-specific Environment Variables for OpenMP Threading Control MKL_DYNAMIC MKL_DOMAIN_NUM_THREADS <span class='keyword'>MKL_NUM_STRIPES</span> Setting the Environment Variables for Threading Control
Improving Performance for Small Size Problems x
Using MKL_DIRECT_CALL in C Applications Using MKL_DIRECT_CALL in Fortran Applications Limitations of the Direct Call
Other Tips and Techniques to Improve Performance x
Coding Techniques Improving oneMKL Performance on Specific Processors Operating on Denormals
Using Memory Functions x
Avoiding Memory Leaks in oneMKL Using High-bandwidth Memory with oneMKL Redefining Memory Functions
Language-specific Usage Options x
Using Language-Specific Interfaces with Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Mixed-language Programming with the Intel Math Kernel Library
Using Language-Specific Interfaces with Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library x
Interface Libraries and Modules Fortran 95 Interfaces to LAPACK and BLAS Compiler-dependent Functions and Fortran 90 Modules
Mixed-language Programming with the Intel Math Kernel Library x
Calling LAPACK, BLAS, and CBLAS Routines from C/C++ Language Environments Using Complex Types in C/C++ Calling BLAS Functions that Return the Complex Values in C/C++ Code
Obtaining Numerically Reproducible Results x
Getting Started with Conditional Numerical Reproducibility Specifying Code Branches Reproducibility Conditions Setting the Environment Variable for Conditional Numerical Reproducibility Code Examples
Coding Tips x
Example of Data Alignment Using Predefined Preprocessor Symbols for Intel® MKL Version-Dependent Compilation
Managing Output x
Using oneMKL Verbose Mode
Using oneMKL Verbose Mode x
Version Information Line Call Description Line
Working with the Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Cluster Software x
Linking with oneMKL Cluster Software Setting the Number of OpenMP* Threads Using Shared Libraries Setting Environment Variables on a Cluster Interaction with the Message-passing Interface Using a Custom Message-Passing Interface Examples of Linking for Clusters
Examples of Linking for Clusters x
Examples for Linking a C Application Examples for Linking a Fortran Application
Managing Behavior of the Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library with Environment Variables x
Managing Behavior of Function Domains with Environment Variables Instruction Set Specific Dispatching on Intel® Architectures
Managing Behavior of Function Domains with Environment Variables x
Setting the Default Mode of Vector Math with an Environment Variable Managing Performance of the Cluster Fourier Transform Functions Managing Invalid Input Checking in LAPACKE Functions
Configuring Your Integrated Development Environment to Link with Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library x
Configuring the Eclipse* IDE CDT to Link with oneMKL
Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Benchmarks x
Intel Optimized LINPACK Benchmark for Linux* Intel® Distribution for LINPACK* Benchmark Intel® Optimized High Performance Conjugate Gradient Benchmark
Intel Optimized LINPACK Benchmark for Linux* x
Contents of the Intel® Optimized LINPACK Benchmark Running the Software Known Limitations of the Intel® Optimized LINPACK Benchmark
Intel® Distribution for LINPACK* Benchmark x
Overview of the Intel® Distribution for LINPACK* Benchmark Contents of the Intel® Distribution for LINPACK* Benchmark Building the Intel® Distribution for LINPACK* Benchmark for a Customized MPI Implementation Building the Netlib HPL from Source Code Configuring Parameters Ease-of-use Command-line Parameters Running the Intel® Distribution for LINPACK* Benchmark Heterogeneous Support in the Intel® Distribution for LINPACK* Benchmark Environment Variables Improving Performance of Your Cluster
Intel® Optimized High Performance Conjugate Gradient Benchmark x
Overview of the Intel Optimized HPCG Versions of the Intel Optimized HPCG Getting Started with Intel Optimized HPCG Choosing Best Configuration and Problem Sizes
Appendix A: Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library Language Interfaces Support x
Language Interfaces Support, by Function Domain Include Files
Appendix B: Support for Third-Party Interfaces x
FFTW Interface Support
Appendix C: Directory Structure in Detail x
Detailed Structure of the IA-32 Architecture Directories Detailed Structure of the Intel® 64 Architecture Directories
Detailed Structure of the IA-32 Architecture Directories x
Static Libraries in the <span class='filepath'>lib</span> <span class='filepath'>/</span> <span class='filepath'>ia32</span> <span class='filepath'>_lin</span> Directory Dynamic Libraries in the <span class='filepath'>lib</span> <span class='filepath'>/</span> <span class='filepath'>ia32</span> <span class='filepath'>_lin</span> Directory
Detailed Structure of the Intel® 64 Architecture Directories x
Static Libraries in the <span class='filepath'>lib</span> <span class='filepath'>/</span> <span class='filepath'>intel64</span> <span class='filepath'>_lin</span> Directory Dynamic Libraries in the <span class='filepath'>lib</span> <span class='filepath'>/</span> <span class='filepath'>intel64</span> <span class='filepath'>_lin</span> Directory
Developer Guide for Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library for Linux*

MKL_DYNAMIC

The MKL_DYNAMICenvironment variable enables Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library to dynamically change the number of threads.

The default value of MKL_DYNAMIC is TRUE, regardless of OMP_DYNAMIC, whose default value may be FALSE.

When MKL_DYNAMIC is TRUE,Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library may use fewer OpenMP threads than the maximum number you specify.

For example, MKL_DYNAMIC set to TRUE enables optimal choice of the number of threads in the following cases:

  • If the requested number of threads exceeds the number of physical cores (perhaps because of using the Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology), Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library scales down the number of OpenMP threads to the number of physical cores.

  • If you are able to detect the presence of a message-passing interface (MPI), but cannot determine whether it has been called in a thread-safe mode, Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library runs one OpenMP thread.

When MKL_DYNAMIC is FALSE, Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library uses the suggested number of OpenMP threads whenever the underlying algorithms permit.For example, if you attempt to do a size one matrix-matrix multiply across eight threads, the library may instead choose to use only one thread because it is impractical to use eight threads in this event.

If Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library is called from an OpenMP parallel region in your program, Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library uses only one thread by default. If you want Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library to go parallel in such a call, link your program against an OpenMP threading RTL supported by Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library and set the environment variables:

  • OMP_NESTED to TRUE
  • OMP_DYNAMIC and MKL_DYNAMIC to FALSE
  • MKL_NUM_THREADS to some reasonable value

With these settings, Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library usesMKL_NUM_THREADS threads when it is called from the OpenMP parallel region in your program.

In general, set MKL_DYNAMIC to FALSEonly under circumstances that Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library is unable to detect, for example, to use nested parallelism where the library is already called from a parallel section.

Product and Performance Information

Performance varies by use, configuration and other factors. Learn more at www.Intel.com/PerformanceIndex.

Notice revision #20201201

Parent topic: Using Additional Threading Control
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