Intel® Trust Domain Extensions (Intel® TDX)
Isolation, confidentiality, and integrity at the virtual machine (VM) level.
Browse Intel TDX Documentation
Find documentation and explore resources designed for easy access and hands-on learning.
Jump to: Architecture | Performance | Source Code | Security Guidance | Start-Up and Enabling Guidance
| Document | Description | Last Updated |
|---|---|---|
| Intel® Trust Domain Extensions (Intel® TDX) | An overview of the Intel TDX technology. | June 2025 |
| Intel CPU Architectural Extensions Specification | A specification of Intel CPU architectural support for Intel TDX. | May 2021 |
| Intel TDX Loader Interface Specification | A specification of how a virtual machine manager (VMM) loads the Intel TDX Module on a platform. | May 2025 |
| Intel TDX Virtual Firmware Design Guide | A guide on how to design and implement a virtual firmware for a trust domain. | December 2023 |
| Intel® Trust Domain Extensions Data Center Attestation Primitives (Intel® TDX DCAP): Quote Generation Library and Quote Verification Library | This specification describes the API surface for libraries from Intel that can be used to generate and verify attestation evidence for trust domains. | December 2023 |
Intel TDX: Module Base Functionality
| Document | Description | Last Updated |
|---|---|---|
| Intel® TDX Module Base Architecture Specification: Latest Version | What Changed | Overview and base architecture specification of the Intel TDX module | April 2025 |
| Intel TDX Module TD Migration Architecture Specification: Latest Version | What Changed | Overview and architecture specification of the TD migration feature of the Intel TDX module | November 2024 |
| Intel TDX Module Partitioning Architecture Specification: Latest Version | What Changed | Overview and architecture specification for TD partitioning of the Intel TDX module | November 2024 |
| Intel TDX Module ABI Specification: Latest Version | What Changed | Application Binary Interface (ABI) specification of the Intel TDX module | April 2025 |
| Intel TDX Module v1.5.09 ABI Definitions | ABI definitions in JSON format | November 2024 |
| Intel TDX Module Incompatibilities between v1.0 and v1.5 | Description of the incompatibilities between Intel TDX 1.0 and Intel TDX 1.5 that may impact the host VMM or guest TDs | December 2023 |
Other Intel TDX Specifications
| Document | Description | Last Updated |
|---|---|---|
| Intel TDX Guest-Hypervisor Communication Interface v1.5 | Specification of the software interface between the guest operating system (tenant and service TD VMs) and the VMM required for enabling Intel TDX | March 2023 |
| Intel TDX Migration TD Design Guide | A design guide on how to design and implement a migration TD for Intel TDX live migration. |
December 2023 |
Intel® TDX Connect
Intel TDX version 2.0 extends Intel TDX to support Trusted Execution Environment for device I/O (TEE-IO).
| Document | Description | Last Updated |
|---|---|---|
Intel® TDX Connect Architecture Specification |
Overview and base architecture specification for Intel TDX Connect | June 2025 |
| Intel TDX Connect TEE-IO Device Guide | Guidance on how to build a TEE-IO device for confidential computing compliant with the PCIe* specification |
March 2023 |
| Device Attestation Model in Confidential Computing Environment | Overview on how to support TEE-IO device attestation for confidential computing |
March 2023 |
| Software Enabling for Intel TDX in Support of TEE-IO | Overview of software enabling flow for Intel TDX Connect |
March 2023 |
Intel TDX Specifications for Community Review
Access documentation that is released for community review purposes. These documents are not final and are subject to change based on feedback.
| Document | Description | Last Updated |
|---|---|---|
| Intel TDX Migration Architecture Specification | Updates to the migration architecture support a nonblocking-based migration. | June 2025 |
| Intel TDX Migration ABI Enhancements | Updates to the Intel TDX module ABI support nonblocking-based migration. | June 2025 |
| Intel TDX Connect ABI Specification | A new ABI supports a simplified Intel TDX Connect architecture. | June 2025 |
| Intel TDX Guest Host Communication Interface Specification | This updated specification details base support for the guest-to-host communication protocol. | June 2025 |
| Guest Hypervisor Communication Interface (GHCI) for Intel TDX Connect Extensions | Extensions to the base GHCI specification support transactions related to Intel TDX Connect. | June 2025 |
| Document | Description | Last Updated |
|---|---|---|
| Performance Considerations of Intel TDX on 4th Generation Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processors | This article describes security-related performance considerations of Intel TDX and addresses performance based on specific types of workloads (CPU or memory, and I/O intensive). | September 2023 |
| Performance Considerations of Hardware-Isolated Partitioned VMs with Intel TDX on 4th Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processors | This article describes the design goals of Intel TDX, provides an overview of the technology, and then reviews the performance of partitioned trust domains based on an implementation with Microsoft Azure*. | November 2023 |
| Intel TDX Performance Analysis Reference Documentation | This article describes basic methodologies to follow when conducting performance analysis for Intel TDX on a Linux* kernel-based virtual machine (KVM) and reporting results for workloads. It also includes basic sanity checks and data that Intel is interested in to verify performance results. |
July 2024 |
| Document | Version | Description | Last Updated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intel TDX Loader | TDX 1.0 |
|
August 2022 |
| Intel TDX Loader | TDX 1.5 |
|
February 2023 |
Intel TDX Module Source Code
Security issues should be responsibly disclosed to the Intel product security incident response team (Intel PSIRT). Learn More About Reporting a Vulnerability
Intel TDX Security Guidance
| Resource | Last Updated |
|---|---|
| Intel TDX Guidance for Developers | March 2023 |
| Intel TDX Guest Kernel Hardening Documentation | March 2023 |
| Resource | Description |
|---|---|
| Intel TDX Enabling Guide | This guide provides a distilled set of instructions to integrate, deploy, and use Intel TDX. It includes prerequisites, start-up and integration steps, testing procedures, performance measurement, and maintenance steps. |