The latest security information on Intel® products.

Summary: 

Potential security vulnerabilities for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) may allow escalation of privilege, information disclosure or denial of service. Intel is releasing reference software updates to mitigate these potential vulnerabilities.

Vulnerability Details: 

CVEID:  CVE-2026-60059

Description: Use of uninitialized resource in the MigTD memory for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an information disclosure. Network adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via adjacent access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (low), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 4.8 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-60139

Description: Improper neutralization in the MigTD SPDM transport for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. Network adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via adjacent access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (low) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.0 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-60071

Description: Improper validation of specified quantity in input in the MigTD vsock packet handling for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.7 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-57890

Description: Improper cleanup on thrown exception in the MigTD's SPDM responder for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an information disclosure. Network adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via network access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 8.7 High

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-60138

Description: Use of out-of-range pointer offset in the MigTD's virtio-vsock implementation for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 8.4 High

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-60133

Description: Integer overflow in the MigTD vsock for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. Unprivileged software adversary with an authenticated user combined with a high complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (low) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 5.8 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-61470

Description: Improper control of a resource through its lifetime in the MigTD's TLS client for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. Network adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via adjacent access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (low) and availability (low) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 5.3 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-61468

Description: Improper privilege management in the MigTD logging for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an information disclosure. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.7 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-56432

Description: Unintended proxy or intermediary ('confused deputy') in the MigTD signing for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 8.2 High

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-55709

Description: Loop with unreachable exit condition ('infinite loop') in the MigTD's GetQuote for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.9 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-63027

Description: Incorrect behavior order in the get_tcb_level_by_svn for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. Network adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via adjacent access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (low) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 5.3 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-63028

Description: Improper initialization in the MigTD virtio-vsock stream handling for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (low) and availability (low) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 5.1 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-56759

Description: Improper input validation in the MigTD PCI BAR handling for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.7 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-49036

Description: Time-of-check time-of-use race condition in the MigTD shared memory for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 5.7 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-62920

Description: Unchecked return value in the MigTD error handling for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.7 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-62275

Description: Detection of error condition without action in the MigTD's vmcall_raw transport for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 5.6 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-44685

Description: Authentication bypass by spoofing in the MigTD rebinding protocol for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable local code execution. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 9.3 Critical

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CVEID:  CVE-2026-61377

Description: Sensitive information uncleared in resource before release for reuse in the MigTD for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an information disclosure. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a high complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.8 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-61469

Description: Off-by-one error in the MigTD's vmcall_raw transport for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (low) and availability (low) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 5.1 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-61473

Description: Authentication bypass by capture-replay in the MigTD for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 9.2 Critical

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-61383

Description: Incorrect calculation of buffer size in the MigTD's servtd_get_quote for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a high complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (low) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 2.0 Low

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-60142

Description: Write-what-where condition in the MigTD for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an information disclosure and escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 8.4 High

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-62929

Description: Expired pointer dereference in the MigTD's virtio-vsock implementation for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege and information disclosure. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 8.4 High

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-57892

Description: Insufficient granularity of access control in the MigTD v2 policy evaluation engine for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege. Network adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a high complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via adjacent access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 8.8 High

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-61467

Description: Use after free in the MigTD virtio driver for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (low) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.8 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-59771

Description: Improper validation of array index in the MigTD's virtio-serial driver for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.7 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-61887

Description: Missing critical step in authentication in the MigTD SPDM rebind implementation for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege and information disclosure. Network adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable remote code execution. This result may potentially occur via adjacent access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 9.4 Critical

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CVEID:  CVE-2026-57893

Description: Incomplete internal state distinction in the MigTD's SPDM responder for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow an escalation of privilege. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via adjacent access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 6.8 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-62930

Description: Unchecked return value in the MigTD's TLS implementation for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. Network adversary with an unauthenticated user combined with a low complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via adjacent access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (low) and availability (low) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 5.3 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVEID:  CVE-2026-60020

Description: Missing release of memory after effective lifetime in the MigTD virtio-serial driver for the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) within Ring 0: Hypervisor may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable denial of service. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (low) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

CVSS Base Score 4.0: 4.6 Medium

CVSS Vector 4.0:  CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Affected Products:

All versions of the Intel® TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) reference software before version 0.7.2.

Recommendation:

Intel recommends updating Intel TDX Migration Trust Domain (MigTD) to version 0.7.2 or later.

Updates are available for download at this location: GitHub Release v0.7.2

Acknowledgements:

Intel would like to thank vic5589 via Intigriti for reporting CVE-2026-61467.

The remaining issues were found internally by Intel employees. 

Intel, and nearly the entire technology industry, follows a disclosure practice called Coordinated Disclosure, under which a cybersecurity vulnerability is generally publicly disclosed only after mitigations are available.

Intel researchers conduct offensive security reviews as part of our Secure Development Lifecycle (SDL) framework. This includes using advanced analysis and AI-assisted diagnostic tools to simulate adversary capabilities and proactively address potential vulnerabilities prior to external exposure, limiting attacker advantage.