Hyperflex® Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook

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ID 683353
Date 12/06/2024
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
Answers to Top FAQs 1. Hyperflex® FPGA Architecture Introduction 2. Hyperflex® Architecture RTL Design Guidelines 3. Compiling Hyperflex® Architecture Designs 4. Design Example Walk-Through 5. Retiming Restrictions and Workarounds 6. Optimization Example 7. Hyperflex® Architecture Porting Guidelines 8. Appendices 9. Hyperflex® Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook Archive 10. Hyperflex® Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook Revision History
1. Hyperflex® FPGA Architecture Introduction x
1.1. Hyperflex® Architecture Design Concepts
2. Hyperflex® Architecture RTL Design Guidelines x
2.1. High-Speed Design Methodology 2.2. Hyper-Retiming (Facilitate Register Movement) 2.3. Hyper-Pipelining (Add Pipeline Registers) 2.4. Hyper-Optimization (Optimize RTL)
2.1. High-Speed Design Methodology x
2.1.1. Set a High-Speed Target 2.1.2. Experiment and Iterate 2.1.3. Compile Components Independently 2.1.4. Optimize Sub-Modules 2.1.5. Avoid Broadcast Signals
2.1.1. Set a High-Speed Target x
2.1.1.1. Speed and Timing Closure 2.1.1.2. Speed and Latency
2.2. Hyper-Retiming (Facilitate Register Movement) x
2.2.1. Reset Strategies 2.2.2. Clock Enable Strategies 2.2.3. Preserving Registers During Synthesis 2.2.4. Timing Constraint Considerations 2.2.5. Clock Synchronization Strategies 2.2.6. Metastability Synchronizers 2.2.7. Initial Power-Up Conditions 2.2.8. Retiming through RAMs and DSPs
2.2.1. Reset Strategies x
2.2.1.1. Removing Asynchronous Resets 2.2.1.2. Synchronous Resets on Global Clock Trees 2.2.1.3. Synchronous Resets on I/O Ports 2.2.1.4. Duplicate and Pipeline Synchronous Resets
2.2.2. Clock Enable Strategies x
2.2.2.1. Localized Clock Enable 2.2.2.2. High Fan-Out Clock Enable 2.2.2.3. Clock Enable with Timing Exceptions
2.2.4. Timing Constraint Considerations x
2.2.4.1. Optimize Multicycle Paths 2.2.4.2. Overconstraints
2.2.5. Clock Synchronization Strategies x
2.2.5.1. Clock Domain Crossing Constraint Guidelines
2.2.7. Initial Power-Up Conditions x
2.2.7.1. Specifying Initial Memory Conditions 2.2.7.2. Initial Conditions and Retiming 2.2.7.3. Initial Conditions and Hyper-Registers 2.2.7.4. Retiming Reset Sequences
2.2.7.3. Initial Conditions and Hyper-Registers x
2.2.7.3.1. Implementing Clock Gating 2.2.7.3.2. Quartus® Prime Settings for Initial Conditions Power-Up Don't Care Logic Option Ignoring Initial Conditions
2.3. Hyper-Pipelining (Add Pipeline Registers) x
2.3.1. Conventional Versus Hyper-Pipelining 2.3.2. Pipelining and Latency 2.3.3. Use Registers Instead of Multicycle Exceptions
2.3.2. Pipelining and Latency x
2.3.2.1. Pipelining at Variable Latency Locations 2.3.2.2. Automatic Pipeline Insertion
2.3.2.1. Pipelining at Variable Latency Locations x
2.3.2.1.1. Specifying a Latency-Insensitive False Path
2.3.2.2. Automatic Pipeline Insertion x
2.3.2.2.1. Step 1: Create the Variable Latency Module 2.3.2.2.2. Step 2: Instantiate the Variable Latency Module 2.3.2.2.3. Step 3: Verify Automatic Pipeline Insertion Option 2.3.2.2.4. (Optional) Auto-Pipeline Insertion without a Variable Latency Module
2.4. Hyper-Optimization (Optimize RTL) x
2.4.1. General Optimization Techniques 2.4.2. Optimizing Specific Design Structures
2.4.1. General Optimization Techniques x
2.4.1.1. Shannon’s Decomposition 2.4.1.2. Time Domain Multiplexing 2.4.1.3. Loop Unrolling 2.4.1.4. Loop Pipelining 2.4.1.5. Precomputation
2.4.1.1. Shannon’s Decomposition x
2.4.1.1.1. Shannon’s Decomposition Example 2.4.1.1.2. Identifying Circuits for Shannon’s Decomposition
2.4.1.4. Loop Pipelining x
2.4.1.4.1. Loop Pipelining Theory 2.4.1.4.2. Loop Pipelining Demonstration 2.4.1.4.3. Loop Pipelining and Synthesis Optimization
2.4.2. Optimizing Specific Design Structures x
2.4.2.1. High-Speed Clock Domains 2.4.2.2. Restructuring Loops 2.4.2.3. Control Signal Backpressure 2.4.2.4. Flow Control with FIFO Status Signals 2.4.2.5. Flow Control with Skid Buffers 2.4.2.6. Read-Modify-Write Memory 2.4.2.7. Counters and Accumulators 2.4.2.8. State Machines 2.4.2.9. Memory 2.4.2.10. DSP Blocks 2.4.2.11. General Logic 2.4.2.12. Modulus and Division 2.4.2.13. Resets 2.4.2.14. Hardware Re-use 2.4.2.15. Algorithmic Requirements 2.4.2.16. FIFOs 2.4.2.17. Ternary Adders
2.4.2.1. High-Speed Clock Domains x
2.4.2.1.1. Visualizing Clock Networks 2.4.2.1.2. Viewing Clock Networks in the Fitter Report 2.4.2.1.3. Viewing Clocks in the Timing Analyzer
2.4.2.9. Memory x
2.4.2.9.1. Hyperflex® Architecture True Dual-Port Memory 2.4.2.9.2. Use Simple Dual-Port Memories 2.4.2.9.3. Hyperflex® Architecture Simple Dual-Port Memory Example 2.4.2.9.4. Memory Mixed Port Width Ratio Limits 2.4.2.9.5. Unregistered RAM Outputs
3. Compiling Hyperflex® Architecture Designs x
3.1. Compiling Submodules Independently 3.2. Design Assistant Design Rule Checking
3.2. Design Assistant Design Rule Checking x
3.2.1. Running Design Assistant During Compilation 3.2.2. Running Design Assistant in Analysis Mode
3.2.2. Running Design Assistant in Analysis Mode x
3.2.2.1. Cross-Probing from Design Assistant to Visualization Tools 3.2.2.2. Launching Design Assistant from Chip Planner 3.2.2.3. Launching Design Assistant from Timing Analyzer
4. Design Example Walk-Through x
4.1. Median Filter Design Example
4.1. Median Filter Design Example x
4.1.1. Step 1: Compile the Base Design 4.1.2. Step 2: Add Pipeline Stages and Remove Asynchronous Resets 4.1.3. Step 3: Add More Pipeline Stages and Remove All Asynchronous Resets 4.1.4. Step 4: Optimize Short Path and Long Path Conditions
5. Retiming Restrictions and Workarounds x
5.1. Setting the dont_merge Synthesis Attribute 5.2. Interpreting Critical Chain Reports
5.2. Interpreting Critical Chain Reports x
5.2.1. Insufficient Registers 5.2.2. Short Path/Long Path 5.2.3. Fast Forward Limit 5.2.4. Loops 5.2.5. One Critical Chain per Clock Domain 5.2.6. Critical Chains in Related Clock Groups 5.2.7. Complex Critical Chains 5.2.8. Extend to locatable node 5.2.9. Domain Boundary Entry and Domain Boundary Exit 5.2.10. Critical Chains with Dual Clock Memories 5.2.11. Critical Chain Bits and Buses 5.2.12. Delay Lines
5.2.1. Insufficient Registers x
5.2.1.1. Insufficient Registers Example 5.2.1.2. Optimizing Insufficient Registers 5.2.1.3. Critical Chains with Dual Clock Memories
5.2.2. Short Path/Long Path x
5.2.2.1. Hyper-Register Locations Not Available 5.2.2.2. Example for Hold Optimization 5.2.2.3. Optimizing Short Path/Long Path 5.2.2.4. Add Registers 5.2.2.5. Duplicate Common Nodes 5.2.2.6. Data and Control Plane
5.2.3. Fast Forward Limit x
5.2.3.1. Optimizing Path Limit
5.2.4. Loops x
5.2.4.1. Example of Loops Limiting the Critical Chain
6. Optimization Example x
6.1. Round Robin Scheduler
7. Hyperflex® Architecture Porting Guidelines x
7.1. Design Migration and Performance Exploration 7.2. Top-Level Design Considerations
7.1. Design Migration and Performance Exploration x
7.1.1. Black-boxing Verilog HDL Modules 7.1.2. Black-boxing VHDL Modules 7.1.3. Clock Management 7.1.4. Pin Assignments 7.1.5. Transceiver Control Logic 7.1.6. Upgrade Outdated IP Cores
8. Appendices x
8.1. Appendix A: Parameterizable Pipeline Modules 8.2. Appendix B: Clock Enables and Resets
8.2. Appendix B: Clock Enables and Resets x
8.2.1. Synchronous Resets and Limitations 8.2.2. Retiming with Clock Enables 8.2.3. Resolving Short Paths
8.2.1. Synchronous Resets and Limitations x
8.2.1.1. Synchronous Resets Summary
8.2.2. Retiming with Clock Enables x
8.2.2.1. Example for Broadcast Control Signals
Answers to Top FAQs
1. Hyperflex® FPGA Architecture Introduction
2. Hyperflex® Architecture RTL Design Guidelines
3. Compiling Hyperflex® Architecture Designs
4. Design Example Walk-Through
5. Retiming Restrictions and Workarounds
6. Optimization Example
7. Hyperflex® Architecture Porting Guidelines
8. Appendices
9. Hyperflex® Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook Archive
10. Hyperflex® Architecture High-Performance Design Handbook Revision History

2.2.7.3.2. Quartus® Prime Settings for Initial Conditions

To optimize the retiming potential of registers in Agilex™ 7 and Stratix® 10 devices, it is beneficial to enable the Power-Up Don't Care logic option. This option, when turned on, preserves the initial conditions that you define, and allows the Quartus® Prime software to manage initial conditions of registers that lack explicit initial conditions. Enabling this logic option can thereby improve the Compiler's ability to retime registers into Hyper-Registers. This technique can be particularly beneficial for Agilex™ 7 device Hyper-Registers that can only be initialized to '1' during configuration.

Additionally, enabling the Ignoring Initial Conditions option allows the Quartus® Prime software to ignore unexpected initial conditions that may appear on certain logic of your design, thereby promoting retiming by the use of Hyper-Registers. However, you must verify functionality after eliminating these conditions to avoid unexpected behavior.

The Power-Up Don't Care and Ignoring Initial Conditions options allow the Compiler greater flexibility to optimize specific registers, particularly the use of Hyper-Registers for retiming purposes.

Power-Up Don't Care Logic Option

You can enable the retiming of more registers by making sure that the Power-Up Don't Care Logic option (ALLOW_POWER_UP_DONT_CARE) is On. This option specifies that registers without explicit initial conditions in the RTL power-up to don't care. This option is set to On by default. 

set_global_assignment -name ALLOW_POWER_UP_DONT_CARE ON

Any initial conditions that you specify in the RTL, or any initial conditions that are implied (because of language specifications or FSM initial states) still apply when using ALLOW_POWER_UP_DONT_CARE.

The following figure shows a chain of registers with the following characteristics:

  • RegA0 and RegA2 lack explicit initial conditions.
  • RegA4 has an initial condition defined by the RTL code.
Figure 20. Example Chain of Registers - Power-Up Don't Care Logic Option On


By default, when the Power-Up Don't Care Logic option is on, registers without initial conditions, such as RegA0 and RegA2, are handled by retiming and converted into Hyper-Registers. In this scenario, RegA4 remains unchanged. RegA4 remains unchanged due to a previously defined initial condition.

When the Power-Up Don't Care Logic option is off, registers without initial conditions, such as RegA0 and RegA2, do not convert into Hyper-Registers. In this case, RegA4 still preserves its initial condition.

Figure 21. Power-Up Don't Care Logic Option Off


In both examples, the Compiler cannot convert registers that use reset signals into Hyper-Registers.

Ignoring Initial Conditions

Because of factors such as language specifications and conservative synthesis on structures such as state machines, it is possible for initial conditions to appear on certain registers, even though you expect no initial conditions to appear. Such initial conditions can potentially cause performance limitations. If you verify that removing such initial conditions is functionally correct, you can specify the following .qsf assignment to remove those initial conditions: 

set_instance_assignment -name IGNORE_REGISTER_POWER_UP_INITIALIZATION ON \
     -to <instance name>

In the following example, RegA4 has an initial condition that the RTL code defines. When the Ignore Register Power-Up Initialization option is enabled for registers RegA*, the initial conditions are ignored, allowing retiming to convert RegA4 into a Hyper-Register.

Figure 22. RegA4 with Initial Condition


The Synthesis report identifies registers affected by IGNORE_REGISTER_POWER_UP_INITIALIZATION in the Registers with Power-Up Settings Ignored report.

Figure 23. Registers with Power-Up Settings Ignored


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