DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs (Advanced Blockset): Handbook

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ID 683337
Date 9/30/2024
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Document Table of Contents
Document Table of Contents x
Answers to Top FAQs 1. About DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs 2. DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs Advanced Blockset Getting Started 3. DSP Builder Design Flow 4. Primitive Library Blocks Tutorial 5. IP Tutorial 6. DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs (Advanced Blockset) Design Examples and Reference Designs 7. DSP Builder Design Rules, Design Recommendations, and Troubleshooting 8. About DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs Optimization 9. About Folding 10. Floating-Point Data Types 11. Design Configuration Library 12. IP Library 13. Interfaces Library 14. Primitives Library 15. Utilities Library 16. Simulink Supported Blocks 17. Document Revision History for DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs (Advanced Blockset) Handbook
1. About DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs x
1.1. DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs Features 1.2. DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs Design Structure 1.3. DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs Libraries 1.4. DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs Device Support 1.5. FPGA Architecture Features for DSP Designs 1.6. DSP Design Flow in FPGAs 1.7. Software and Hardware DSP Design Flows in FPGAs
2. DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs Advanced Blockset Getting Started x
2.1. System Requirements 2.2. Installing DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs 2.3. Licensing DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs 2.4. Starting DSP Builder in MATLAB on Windows 2.5. Starting DSP Builder in MATLAB on Linux 2.6. Browsing DSP Builder Libraries and Adding Blocks to a New Model 2.7. Browsing and Opening DSP Builder Design Examples 2.8. Creating a New DSP Builder Design with the DSP Builder New Model Wizard 2.9. Simulating, Generating, Verifying, and Compiling Your DSP Builder Design 2.10. Generating a Fast Simulation Model
2.8. Creating a New DSP Builder Design with the DSP Builder New Model Wizard x
2.8.1. DSP Builder Menu Options 2.8.2. DSP Builder New Model Wizard Setup Script Parameters
3. DSP Builder Design Flow x
3.1. Implementing your Design in DSP Builder Advanced Blockset 3.2. Verifying your DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design in Simulink and MATLAB 3.3. Exploring DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design Tradeoffs 3.4. Verifying your DSP Builder Design with C++ Software Models 3.5. Verifying your DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design in the ModelSim Simulator 3.6. Verifying Your DSP Builder Design in Hardware 3.7. Integrating Your DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design into Hardware
3.1. Implementing your Design in DSP Builder Advanced Blockset x
3.1.1. Dividing your DSP Builder Design into Subsystems 3.1.2. Connecting DSP Builder Subsystems 3.1.3. Creating a New Design by Copying a DSP Builder Design Example 3.1.4. Vectorized Inputs
3.1.2. Connecting DSP Builder Subsystems x
3.1.2.1. DSP Builder Block Interface Signals 3.1.2.2. Periods 3.1.2.3. Sample Rate 3.1.2.4. Building Multichannel Systems 3.1.2.5. Channelization for Two Channels with a Folding Factor of 3 3.1.2.6. Channelization for Four Channels with a Folding Factor of 3 3.1.2.7. Synchronization and Scheduling of Data with the Channel Signal 3.1.2.8. Simulink vs Hardware Design Representations
3.1.2.1. DSP Builder Block Interface Signals x
3.1.2.1.1. Multichannel Systems with IP Library Blocks 3.1.2.1.2. Valid, Channel, and Data Examples
3.1.2.4. Building Multichannel Systems x
3.1.2.4.1. Multichannel Systems with IP Library Blocks
3.1.3. Creating a New Design by Copying a DSP Builder Design Example x
3.1.3.1. Creating a New Design From the DSP Builder FIR Design Example and Changing the Namespaces
3.2. Verifying your DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design in Simulink and MATLAB x
3.2.1. Verifying your DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design with a Testbench 3.2.2. Running DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Automatic Testbenches 3.2.3. Using DSP Builder Advanced Blockset References 3.2.4. Setting Up Stimulus in DSP Builder Advanced Blockset 3.2.5. Analyzing your DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design
3.2.1. Verifying your DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design with a Testbench x
3.2.1.1. Visualization Features
3.2.2. Running DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Automatic Testbenches x
3.2.2.1. dspba.runModelsimATB 3.2.2.2. Running All Automatic Testbenches 3.2.2.3. The command run_all_atbs Command Syntax 3.2.2.4. Testbench Error Messages
3.3. Exploring DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design Tradeoffs x
3.3.1. Bit Growth 3.3.2. Managing Bit Growth in DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Designs 3.3.3. Using Rounding and Saturation in DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Designs 3.3.4. Scaling with Primitive Blocks 3.3.5. Changing Data Type with Convert Blocks and Specifying Output Types
3.3.5. Changing Data Type with Convert Blocks and Specifying Output Types x
3.3.5.1. The Convert Block and Real-world Values 3.3.5.2. Output Data Types on Primitive Blocks
3.4. Verifying your DSP Builder Design with C++ Software Models x
3.4.1. Software Model Options 3.4.2. Software Model Generated Files 3.4.3. Software Model Compilers 3.4.4. Compiling and Running Software Model Testbenches 3.4.5. Testing the Software Model 3.4.6. MATLAB MEX Function Wrapper for a Generated Software Model
3.4.5. Testing the Software Model x
3.4.5.1. Linking to External Libraries
3.4.6. MATLAB MEX Function Wrapper for a Generated Software Model x
3.4.6.1. Driving the Model 3.4.6.2. MEX Model Code 3.4.6.3. Complete the MEX Function 3.4.6.4. Compile, Run, and Test the MEX Function
3.5. Verifying your DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design in the ModelSim Simulator x
3.5.1. Automatic Testbench 3.5.2. DSP Builder Advanced Blockset ModelSim Simulations
3.5.1. Automatic Testbench x
3.5.1.1. DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Automatic Testbench Files
3.6. Verifying Your DSP Builder Design in Hardware x
3.6.1. Hardware Verification
3.6.1. Hardware Verification x
3.6.1.1. Real-Time Hardware Verification Design Example
3.6.1.1. Real-Time Hardware Verification Design Example x
3.6.1.1.1. Running the Real-Time Hardware Verification Design Example
3.7. Integrating Your DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design into Hardware x
3.7.1. DSP Builder Generated Files 3.7.2. DSP Builder Designs and the Quartus Prime Project 3.7.3. Interfaces with a Processor Bus 3.7.4. DSP Builder Designs in Platform Designer
3.7.2. DSP Builder Designs and the Quartus Prime Project x
3.7.2.1. Adding a DSP Builder Advanced Blockset Design to an Existing Quartus Prime Project
3.7.3. Interfaces with a Processor Bus x
3.7.3.1. Assigning Base Addresses in DSP Builder Designs 3.7.3.2. Updating Registers with the Nios II Processor
3.7.4. DSP Builder Designs in Platform Designer x
3.7.4.1. Integrating a DSP Builder Design to a Platform Designer System 3.7.4.2. Modifying Avalon Streaming Blocks 3.7.4.3. Restrictions for DSP Builder Designs with Avalon Streaming Interface and AXI4-Stream Blocks 3.7.4.4. Connecting Conduit Interfaces
4. Primitive Library Blocks Tutorial x
4.1. Creating a Fibonacci Design from the DSP Builder Primitive Library 4.2. Setting the Parameters on the Testbench Source Blocks 4.3. Simulating the Fibonacci Design in Simulink 4.4. Modifying the DSP Builder Fibonacci Design to Generate Vector Signals 4.5. Simulating the RTL of the Fibonacci Design
5. IP Tutorial x
5.1. Creating an IP Design 5.2. Simulating the IP Design in Simulink 5.3. Viewing Timing Closure and Viewing Resource Utilization for the DSP Builder IP Design 5.4. Reparameterizing the DSP Builder FIR Filter to Double the Number of Channels 5.5. Doubling the Target Clock Rate for a DSP Builder IP Design
6. DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs (Advanced Blockset) Design Examples and Reference Designs x
6.1. DSP Builder Design Configuration Block Design Examples 6.2. DSP Builder FFT Design Examples 6.3. DSP Builder DDC Design Example 6.4. DSP Builder Filter Design Examples 6.5. DSP Builder Finite State Machine Design Example 6.6. DSP Builder Folding Design Examples 6.7. DSP Builder Floating Point Design Examples 6.8. DSP Builder Flow Control Design Examples 6.9. DSP Builder HDL Import Design Example 6.10. DSP Builder Host Interface Design Examples 6.11. DSP Builder Fixed-Point Matrix Multiply Engine Design Example 6.12. DSP Builder Platform Design Examples 6.13. DSP Builder Primitive Block Design Examples 6.14. DSP Builder Reference Designs 6.15. DSP Builder Waveform Synthesis Design Examples
6.1. DSP Builder Design Configuration Block Design Examples x
6.1.1. Scale 6.1.2. Local Threshold
6.2. DSP Builder FFT Design Examples x
6.2.1. FFT 6.2.2. FFT without BitReverseCoreC Block 6.2.3. IFFT 6.2.4. IFFT without BitReverseCoreC Block 6.2.5. Floating-Point FFT 6.2.6. Floating-Point FFT without BitReverseCoreC Block 6.2.7. Floating-Point iFFT 6.2.8. Floating-Point iFFT without BitReverseCoreC Block 6.2.9. Multichannel FFT 6.2.10. Multiwire Transpose 6.2.11. Parallel FFT 6.2.12. Parallel Floating-Point FFT 6.2.13. Single-Wire Transpose 6.2.14. Switchable FFT/iFFT 6.2.15. Variable-Size Fixed-Point FFT 6.2.16. Variable-Size Fixed-Point FFT without BitReverseCoreC Block 6.2.17. Variable-Size Fixed-Point iFFT 6.2.18. Variable-Size Fixed-Point iFFT without BitReverseCoreC Block 6.2.19. Variable-Size Floating-Point FFT 6.2.20. Variable-Size Floating-Point FFT without BitReverseCoreC Block 6.2.21. Variable-Size Floating-Point iFFT 6.2.22. Variable-Size Floating-Point iFFT without BitReverseCoreC Block 6.2.23. Variable-Size Low-Resource FFT 6.2.24. Variable-Size Low-Resource Real-Time FFT 6.2.25. Variable-Size Supersampled FFT 6.2.26. Variable-Size Supersampled FFT with Bit-Reverse
6.3. DSP Builder DDC Design Example x
6.3.1. DDC Design Example Subsystem 6.3.2. Building the DDC Design Example
6.3.2. Building the DDC Design Example x
6.3.2.1. DDC Design Example Generated Files
6.4. DSP Builder Filter Design Examples x
6.4.1. Complex FIR Filter 6.4.2. Decimating CIC Filter 6.4.3. Decimating FIR Filter 6.4.4. Filter Chain with Forward Flow Control 6.4.5. FIR Filter with Exposed Bus 6.4.6. Fractional FIR Filter Chain 6.4.7. Fractional-Rate FIR Filter 6.4.8. Half-Band FIR Filter 6.4.9. IIR: Full-rate Fixed-point 6.4.10. IIR: Full-rate Floating-point 6.4.11. Interpolating CIC Filter 6.4.12. Interpolating FIR Filter 6.4.13. Interpolating FIR Filter with Multiple Coefficient Banks 6.4.14. Interpolating FIR Filter with Updating Coefficient Banks 6.4.15. Root-Raised Cosine FIR Filter 6.4.16. Single-Rate FIR Filter 6.4.17. Super-Sample Decimating FIR Filter 6.4.18. Super-Sample Fractional FIR Filter 6.4.19. Super-Sample Interpolating FIR Filter 6.4.20. Variable-Rate CIC Filter
6.6. DSP Builder Folding Design Examples x
6.6.1. Position, Speed, and Current Control for AC Motors 6.6.2. Position, Speed, and Current Control for AC Motors (with ALU Folding) 6.6.3. About FOC 6.6.4. Folded FIR Filter
6.7. DSP Builder Floating Point Design Examples x
6.7.1. Black-Scholes Floating Point 6.7.2. Double-Precision Real Floating-Point Matrix Multiply 6.7.3. Fine Doppler Estimator 6.7.4. Floating-Point Mandlebrot Set 6.7.5. General Real Matrix Multiply One Cycle Per Output 6.7.6. Newton Root Finding Tutorial Step 1—Iteration 6.7.7. Newton Root Finding Tutorial Step 2—Convergence 6.7.8. Newton Root Finding Tutorial Step 3—Valid 6.7.9. Newton Root Finding Tutorial Step 4—Control 6.7.10. Newton Root Finding Tutorial Step 5—Final 6.7.11. Normalizer 6.7.12. Single-Precision Complex Floating-Point Matrix Multiply 6.7.13. Single-Precision Real Floating-Point Matrix Multiply 6.7.14. Simple Nonadaptive 2D Beamformer
6.8. DSP Builder Flow Control Design Examples x
6.8.1. Avalon-ST Interface (Input and Output FIFO Buffer) with Backpressure 6.8.2. Avalon-ST Interface (Output FIFO Buffer) with Backpressure 6.8.3. Kronecker Tensor Product 6.8.4. Parallel Loops 6.8.5. Primitive FIR with Back Pressure 6.8.6. Primitive FIR with Forward Pressure 6.8.7. Primitive Systolic FIR with Forward Flow Control 6.8.8. Rectangular Nested Loop 6.8.9. Sequential Loops 6.8.10. Triangular Nested Loop
6.9. DSP Builder HDL Import Design Example x
6.9.1. Performing a Cosimulation
6.10. DSP Builder Host Interface Design Examples x
6.10.1. Memory-Mapped Registers
6.12. DSP Builder Platform Design Examples x
6.12.1. 16-Channel DDC 6.12.2. 16-Channel DUC 6.12.3. 2-Antenna DUC for WiMAX 6.12.4. 2-Channel DUC 6.12.5. Super-Sample Rate Digital Upconverter
6.13. DSP Builder Primitive Block Design Examples x
6.13.1. 8×8 Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform 6.13.2. Automatic Gain Control 6.13.3. Bit Combine for Boolean Vectors 6.13.4. Bit Extract for Boolean Vectors 6.13.5. Color Space Converter 6.13.6. CORDIC from Primitive Blocks 6.13.7. Digital Predistortion Forward Path 6.13.8. Fibonacci Series 6.13.9. Folded Vector Sort 6.13.10. Fractional Square Root Using CORDIC 6.13.11. Fixed-point Maths Functions 6.13.12. Gaussian Random Number Generator 6.13.13. Hello World 6.13.14. Hybrid Direct Form and Transpose Form FIR Filter 6.13.15. Loadable Counter 6.13.16. Matrix Initialization of LUT 6.13.17. Matrix Initialization of Vector Memories 6.13.18. Multichannel IIR Filter 6.13.19. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 6.13.20. Reinterpret Cast for Bit Packing and Unpacking 6.13.21. Run-time Configurable Decimating and Interpolating Half-Rate FIR Filter 6.13.22. Square Root Using CORDIC 6.13.23. Test CORDIC Functions with the CORDIC Block 6.13.24. Uniform Random Number Generator 6.13.25. Vector Sort—Sequential 6.13.26. Vector Sort—Iterative 6.13.27. Vector Initialization of Sample Delay 6.13.28. Wide Single-Channel Accumulators
6.14. DSP Builder Reference Designs x
6.14.1. 1-Antenna WiMAX DDC 6.14.2. 2-Antenna WiMAX DDC 6.14.3. 1-Antenna WiMAX DUC 6.14.4. 2-Antenna WiMAX DUC 6.14.5. 4-Carrier, 2-Antenna W-CDMA DDC 6.14.6. 1-Carrier, 2-Antenna W-CDMA DDC 6.14.7. 4-Carrier, 2-Antenna W-CDMA DUC 6.14.8. 4-Carrier, 4-Antenna DUC and DDC for LTE 6.14.9. 1-Carrier, 2-Antenna W-CDMA DDC 6.14.10. 4-Carrier, 2-Antenna High-Speed W-CDMA DUC at 368.64 MHz with Total Rate Change 32 6.14.11. 4-Carrier, 2-Antenna High-Speed W-CDMA DUC at 368.64 MHz with Total Rate Change 48 6.14.12. 4-Carrier, 2-Antenna High-Speed W-CDMA DUC at 307.2 MHz with Total Rate Change 40 6.14.13. Cholesky-based Matrix Inversion 6.14.14. Cholesky Solver Multiple Channels 6.14.15. Crest Factor Reduction 6.14.16. Direct RF with Synthesizable Testbench 6.14.17. Dynamic Decimating FIR Filter 6.14.18. Multichannel QR Decompostion 6.14.19. QR Decompostion 6.14.20. QRD Solver 6.14.21. Reconfigurable Decimation Filter 6.14.22. Single-Channel 10-MHz LTE Transmitter 6.14.23. STAP Radar Forward and Backward Substitution 6.14.24. STAP Radar Steering Generation 6.14.25. STAP Radar QR Decomposition 192x204 6.14.26. Time Delay Beamformer 6.14.27. Transmit and Receive Modem 6.14.28. Variable Integer Rate Decimation Filter
6.15. DSP Builder Waveform Synthesis Design Examples x
6.15.1. Complex Mixer 6.15.2. Four Channel, Two Banks NCO 6.15.3. Four Channel, Four Banks NCO 6.15.4. Four Channel, Eight Banks, Two Wires NCO 6.15.5. Four Channel, 16 Banks NCO 6.15.6. IP 6.15.7. NCO 6.15.8. NCO with Exposed Bus 6.15.9. Real Mixer 6.15.10. Super-sample NCO
7. DSP Builder Design Rules, Design Recommendations, and Troubleshooting x
7.1. DSP Builder Design Rules and Recommendations 7.2. Troubleshooting DSP Builder Designs
7.2. Troubleshooting DSP Builder Designs x
7.2.1. About Loops 7.2.2. Closing Timed feedback Loops 7.2.3. Loops, Clock Cycles, and Data Cycles
8. About DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs Optimization x
8.1. Associating DSP Builder with MATLAB 8.2. Setting Up Simulink for DSP Builder Designs 8.3. The DSP Builder Windows Shortcut 8.4. Setting DSP Builder Design Parameters with MATLAB Scripts 8.5. Managing your Designs 8.6. How to Manage Latency 8.7. Flow Control in DSP Builder Designs 8.8. Reset Minimization 8.9. About Importing HDL
8.2. Setting Up Simulink for DSP Builder Designs x
8.2.1. Setting Up Simulink Solver 8.2.2. Setting Up Simulink Signal Display Option
8.4. Setting DSP Builder Design Parameters with MATLAB Scripts x
8.4.1. Running Setup Scripts Automatically 8.4.2. Defining Unique DSP Builder Design Parameters 8.4.3. Example DSP Builder Custom Scripts
8.5. Managing your Designs x
8.5.1. Managing Basic Parameters 8.5.2. Creating User Libraries and Converting a Primitive Subsystem into a Custom Block 8.5.3. Revision Control
8.6. How to Manage Latency x
8.6.1. Reading the Added Latency Value for an IP Block 8.6.2. Zero Latency Example 8.6.3. Implicit Delays in DSP Builder Designs 8.6.4. Distributed Delays in DSP Builder Designs 8.6.5. Latency and fMAX Constraint Conflicts in DSP Builder Designs 8.6.6. Control Units Delays
9. About Folding x
9.1. ALU Folding 9.2. Removing Resource Sharing Folding
9.1. ALU Folding x
9.1.1. ALU Folding Limitations 9.1.2. ALU Folding Parameters 9.1.3. ALU Folding Simulation Rate 9.1.4. Using ALU Folding 9.1.5. Using Automated Verification 9.1.6. Ready Signal 9.1.7. Connecting the ALU Folding Ready Signal 9.1.8. About the ALU Folding Start of Packet Signal
10. Floating-Point Data Types x
10.1. DSP Builder Floating-Point Data Type Features 10.2. DSP Builder Supported Floating-Point Data Types 10.3. DSP Builder Round-Off Errors 10.4. Trading Off Logic Utilization and Accuracy in DSP Builder Designs 10.5. Upgrading Pre v14.0 Designs 10.6. Floating-Point Sine Wave Generator Tutorial 10.7. Newton-Raphson Root Finding Tutorial 10.8. Forcing Soft Floating-point Data Types with the Advanced Options
10.6. Floating-Point Sine Wave Generator Tutorial x
10.6.1. Creating a Sine Wave Generator in DSP Builder 10.6.2. Using Data Type Variables to Parameterize Designs 10.6.3. Using Data-Type Propagation in DSP Builder Designs 10.6.4. DSP Builder Testbench Verification
10.6.4. DSP Builder Testbench Verification x
10.6.4.1. Tuning ATB Thresholds 10.6.4.2. Writing Application Specific Verification 10.6.4.3. Bit-Accurate Simulation 10.6.4.4. Adder Trees and Scalar Products 10.6.4.5. Creating Floating-Point Accumulators for Designs that Use Iteration
10.7. Newton-Raphson Root Finding Tutorial x
10.7.1. Implementing the Newton Design 10.7.2. Improving DSP Builder Floating-Point Designs
11. Design Configuration Library x
11.1. Avalon Memory-Mapped Agent Settings (AvalonMemoryMappedAgentSettings) 11.2. Control 11.3. Device 11.4. LocalThreshold
11.2. Control x
11.2.1. DSP Builder Memory and Multiplier Trade-Off Options
12. IP Library x
12.1. Channel Filter and Waveform Library 12.2. Dependent Delay Library 12.3. FFT IP Library
12.1. Channel Filter and Waveform Library x
12.1.1. DSP Builder FIR and CIC Filters 12.1.2. DSP Builder FIR Filters 12.1.3. Channel Viewer (ChanView) 12.1.4. Complex Mixer (ComplexMixer) 12.1.5. Decimating CIC 12.1.6. Decimating FIR 12.1.7. Fractional Rate FIR 12.1.8. Interpolating CIC 12.1.9. Interpolating FIR 12.1.10. NCO 12.1.11. Real Mixer (Mixer) 12.1.12. Scale 12.1.13. Single-Rate FIR
12.1.1. DSP Builder FIR and CIC Filters x
12.1.1.1. Common CIC and FIR Filter Features 12.1.1.2. Updated Help 12.1.1.3. Half-Band and L-Band Nyquist FIR Filters 12.1.1.4. Parameterization of CIC and FIR Filters 12.1.1.5. Setting and Changing FIR Filter Coefficients at Runtime in DSP Builder
12.1.2. DSP Builder FIR Filters x
12.1.2.1. FIR Filter Avalon-MM Interfaces 12.1.2.2. Reconfigurable FIR Filters 12.1.2.3. FIR Filter Coefficient Sharing 12.1.2.4. FIR Filter Reset
12.1.10. NCO x
12.1.10.1. NCO Block Phase Increment and Inversion 12.1.10.2. NCO Block Phase Increment Memory Registers 12.1.10.3. NCO Block Frequency Hopping
12.2. Dependent Delay Library x
12.2.1. Dependent Latency Expressions
12.3. FFT IP Library x
12.3.1. Bit Reverse Core C (BitReverseCoreC and VariableBitReverse) 12.3.2. FFT (FFT, FFT_Light, VFFT, VFFT_Light)
13. Interfaces Library x
13.1. Memory-Mapped Library 13.2. Streaming Library
13.1. Memory-Mapped Library x
13.1.1. Bus Slave (BusSlave) 13.1.2. Bus Stimulus (BusStimulus) 13.1.3. Bus Stimulus File Reader (Bus StimulusFileReader) 13.1.4. External Memory, Memory Read, Memory Write 13.1.5. Register Bit (RegBit) 13.1.6. Register Field (RegField) 13.1.7. Register Out (RegOut) 13.1.8. Shared Memory (SharedMem)
13.2. Streaming Library x
13.2.1. Avalon-ST Input (AStInput) 13.2.2. Avalon-ST Input FIFO Buffer (AStInputFIFO) 13.2.3. Avalon-ST Output (AStOutput) 13.2.4. AXI4-Stream Blocks (AXI4StreamReceiver and AXI4StreamTransmitter)
14. Primitives Library x
14.1. Vector and Complex Type Support 14.2. DFT Design Elements Library 14.3. FFT Design Elements Library 14.4. Primitive Basic Blocks Library 14.5. Primitive Configuration Library 14.6. Primitive Design Elements Library
14.1. Vector and Complex Type Support x
14.1.1. Vector Type Support 14.1.2. Complex Support
14.1.1. Vector Type Support x
14.1.1.1. Element by Element Mode 14.1.1.2. Mathematical Vector Mode 14.1.1.3. Interactions with Simulink
14.1.2. Complex Support x
14.1.2.1. Interactions with Simulink
14.2. DFT Design Elements Library x
14.2.1. DFT (DFT) 14.2.2. Reorder (ReorderBlock) 14.2.3. Reorder and Rescale (ReorderAndRescale)
14.3. FFT Design Elements Library x
14.3.1. About Pruning and Twiddle for FFT Blocks 14.3.2. Bit Vector Combine (BitVectorCombine) 14.3.3. Butterfly Unit (BFU) 14.3.4. Butterfly I C (BFIC) (Deprecated) 14.3.5. Butterfly II C (BFIIC) (Deprecated) 14.3.6. Choose Bits (ChooseBits) 14.3.7. Crossover Switch (XSwitch) 14.3.8. Dual Twiddle Memory (DualTwiddleMemoryC) 14.3.9. Edge Detect (EdgeDetect) 14.3.10. Floating-Point Twiddle Generator (TwiddleGenF) (Deprecated) 14.3.11. Fully-Parallel FFTs (FFT2P, FFT4P, FFT8P, FFT16P, FFT32P, and FFT64P) 14.3.12. Fully-Parallel FFTs with Flexible Ordering (FFT2X, FFT4X, FFT8X, FFT16X, FFT32X, and FFT64X) 14.3.13. General Multitwiddle and General Twiddle (GeneralMultiTwiddle, GeneralMultVTwiddle, GeneralTwiddle, GeneralVTwiddle) 14.3.14. Hybrid FFT (Hybrid_FFT, HybridVFFT, HybridVFFT_btb) 14.3.15. Multiwire Transpose (MultiwireTranspose) 14.3.16. Multiwire Variable Bit Reverse (MultiwireVariableBitReverse) 14.3.17. Parallel Pipelined FFT (PFFT_Pipe) 14.3.18. Pulse Divider (PulseDivider) 14.3.19. Pulse Multiplier (PulseMultiplier) 14.3.20. Single-Wire Transpose (Transpose) 14.3.21. Split Scalar (SplitScalar) 14.3.22. Streaming FFTs (FFT2, FFT4, VFFT2, and VFFT4) 14.3.23. Stretch Pulse (StretchPulse) 14.3.24. Twiddle Angle (TwiddleAngle) 14.3.25. Twiddle Generator (TwiddleGenC) Deprecated 14.3.26. Twiddle and Variable Twiddle (Twiddle and VTwiddle) 14.3.27. Twiddle ROM (TwiddleRom, TwiddleMultRom and TwiddleRomF (deprecated))
14.4. Primitive Basic Blocks Library x
14.4.1. Absolute Value (Abs) 14.4.2. Accumulator (Acc) 14.4.3. Add 14.4.4. Add SLoad (AddSLoad) 14.4.5. AddSub 14.4.6. AddSubFused 14.4.7. AND Gate (And) 14.4.8. Bit Combine (BitCombine) 14.4.9. Bit Extract (BitExtract) 14.4.10. Bit Reverse (BitReverse) 14.4.11. Compare (CmpCtrl) 14.4.12. Complex Conjugate (ComplexConjugate) 14.4.13. Compare Equality (CmpEQ) 14.4.14. Compare Greater Than (CmpGE) 14.4.15. Compare Less Than (CmpLT) 14.4.16. Compare Not Equal (CmpNE) 14.4.17. Constant (Const) 14.4.18. Constant Multiply (Const Mult) 14.4.19. Convert 14.4.20. CORDIC 14.4.21. Counter 14.4.22. Count Leading Zeros, Ones, or Sign Bits (CLZ) 14.4.23. Dual Memory (DualMem) 14.4.24. Demultiplexer (Demux) 14.4.25. Divide 14.4.26. Fanout 14.4.27. FIFO 14.4.28. Floating-point Classifier (FloatClass) 14.4.29. Floating-point Multiply Accumulate (MultAcc) 14.4.30. ForLoop 14.4.31. Load Exponent (LdExp) 14.4.32. Left Shift (LShift) 14.4.33. Loadable Counter (LoadableCounter) 14.4.34. Look-Up Table (Lut) 14.4.35. Loop 14.4.36. Math 14.4.37. Minimum and Maximum (MinMax) 14.4.38. MinMaxCtrl 14.4.39. Multiply (Mult) 14.4.40. Multiplexer (Mux) 14.4.41. NAND Gate (Nand) 14.4.42. Negate 14.4.43. NOR Gate (Nor) 14.4.44. NOT Gate (Not) 14.4.45. OR Gate (Or) 14.4.46. Polynomial 14.4.47. Ready 14.4.48. Reinterpret Cast (ReinterpretCast) 14.4.49. Round 14.4.50. Sample Delay (SampleDelay) 14.4.51. Scalar Product 14.4.52. Select 14.4.53. Sequence 14.4.54. Shift 14.4.55. Sqrt 14.4.56. Subtract (Sub) 14.4.57. Sum of Elements (SumOfElements) 14.4.58. Trig 14.4.59. XNOR Gate (Xnor) 14.4.60. XOR Gate (Xor)
14.5. Primitive Configuration Library x
14.5.1. Channel In (ChannelIn) 14.5.2. Channel Out (ChannelOut) 14.5.3. General Purpose Input (GPIn) 14.5.4. General Purpose Output (GPOut) 14.5.5. Synthesis Information (SynthesisInfo)
14.5.5. Synthesis Information (SynthesisInfo) x
14.5.5.1. Scheduled Synthesis 14.5.5.2. Updated Help
14.6. Primitive Design Elements Library x
14.6.1. Anchored Delay 14.6.2. Complex to Real-Imag 14.6.3. Enabled Delay Line 14.6.4. Enabled Feedback Delay 14.6.5. Expand Scalar (ExpandScalar) 14.6.6. Finite State Machine 14.6.7. Nested Loops (NestedLoop1, NestedLoop2, NestedLoop3) 14.6.8. Pause 14.6.9. Reset-Priority Latch (SRlatch_PS) 14.6.10. Same Data Type (SameDT) 14.6.11. Set-Priority Latch (SRlatch) 14.6.12. Single-Cycle Latency Latch (latch_1L) 14.6.13. Tapped Line Delay (TappedLineDelay) 14.6.14. Variable Super-Sample Delay (VariableDelay) 14.6.15. Vector Fanout (VectorFanout) 14.6.16. Vector Multiplexer (VectorMux) 14.6.17. Zero-Latency Latch (latch_0L)
14.6.6. Finite State Machine x
14.6.6.1. Adding a Finite State Machine Block to your DSP Builder Design 14.6.6.2. Modifying the Finite State Machine Block Specification File 14.6.6.3. Implement Token Passing with the Finite State Machine 14.6.6.4. Implementing a One Shot Counter with the Finite State Machine 14.6.6.5. Specifying ForLoop Control Units 14.6.6.6. Creating the Finite State Machine Configuration File 14.6.6.7. Upgrading Finite State Machine Blocks from v23.2 and Earlier
15. Utilities Library x
15.1. Analyze and Test Library 15.2. HDL Import Library 15.3. Beta Blocks Library
15.1. Analyze and Test Library x
15.1.1. Capture Values 15.1.2. Dechannelizer 15.1.3. Channelizer 15.1.4. Display Resources 15.1.5. Edit Params 15.1.6. Pause
15.2. HDL Import Library x
15.2.1. HDL Import 15.2.2. HDL Import Config
15.3. Beta Blocks Library x
15.3.1. SYCL
15.3.1. SYCL x
15.3.1.1. Implementing a SYCL Block
Answers to Top FAQs
1. About DSP Builder for Intel® FPGAs
2. DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs Advanced Blockset Getting Started
3. DSP Builder Design Flow
4. Primitive Library Blocks Tutorial
5. IP Tutorial
6. DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs (Advanced Blockset) Design Examples and Reference Designs
7. DSP Builder Design Rules, Design Recommendations, and Troubleshooting
8. About DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs Optimization
9. About Folding
10. Floating-Point Data Types
11. Design Configuration Library
12. IP Library
13. Interfaces Library
14. Primitives Library
15. Utilities Library
16. Simulink Supported Blocks
17. Document Revision History for DSP Builder for Intel FPGAs (Advanced Blockset) Handbook

14.4.23. Dual Memory (DualMem)

The DSP Builder DualMem block models a dual interface memory structure. You can read or write the first data interface (inputs d, a, and w). The second data interface (specified on the second address input) is read only by default, but can be read and write if you turn on Allow write on both ports. The memory size is inferred from the size of the initialization array.

The behavior of read during write cycles of the memories depends on the interface to which you read:

  • Reading from q1 while writing to interface 1 outputs the new data on q1 (write first behavior).
  • Reading from q2 while writing to interface 1 outputs the old data on q2 (read first behavior).

Turning on DONT_CARE may give a higher fMAX for your design, especially if you implement the memory as a MLAB. When this option is on, the output is not double-registered (and therefore, in the case of MLAB implementation, uses fewer external registers), and you gain an extra half-cycle on the output. The word don’t care overlaid on the block symbol indicates the current setting is DON’T CARE. The default is off, which outputs old data for read-during-write.

Table 195.  Parameters for the DualMem Block
Parameter Description
Output data type mode Determines how the block sets its output data type:
  • Inherit via internal rule: the number of integer and fractional bits is the maximum of the number of bits in the input data types.
  • Specify via dialog: you can set the output type of the block explicitly using additional fields that are available when this option is selected. This option reinterprets the output bit pattern from the LSB up according to the specified type.
  • Boolean: the output type is Boolean.
Output data type Specifies the output data type. For example, sfix(16), uint(8).
Output scaling value Specifies the output scaling value. For example, 2^-15.
Initial contents Specifies the initialization data. The size of the 1-D array determines the memory size. This parameter may also be a fi object when specifying data of arbitrarily high precision.
Use DONT_CARE when reading from and writing to the same address

Turn this option on to produce faster hardware ( a higher fMAX) but with uncertain read data in hardware if you are simultaneously reading from and writing to the same address. Ensure that you do not read from or write to the same address at the same time to guarantee valid read data.

Intel Hyperflex architectures restrict permissible configurations of the DualMem block. You might need to turn on this option for a valid configuration, if DSP Builder gives a warning.To avoid this restriction, implement a simple dual-port RAM, with port 1 as write-only (e.g. connect q1 read on port 1 to a Simulink terminator block), and port 2 as read-only (with separate addressing).

When you turn on this option and you have a write on one port, a read on another port, and both have the same address, the read data is undefined. Simulink simulations represent these undefined values as zeros; the ModelSim simulation shows Xs. This difference in representation may cause simulation mismatches if you allow such undefined values to be generated. To prevent simulation mismatches:
  • Either avoid generating accesses that cause undefined values or detect the conditions of address equality and a write access at the input
  • Do not propagate that output.
Allow write on both ports Turn on to read and write on both ports.
Initialize Hardware Memory Blocks with Initial Data Contents Turn on to initialize the memory with the specified initial data values. Turn off to use only the size of the initial data for the size of memory. The Uninitialized means parameter on the Control Block Optimization tab determines the content when the memory is uninitialized..
Provide read-access inputs

Turn on to expose the memory read-access input control ('r1', 'r2') for each output port ('q1', 'q2'). You can use a read-access input to indicate when the corresponding output is not used. Disabling the output when the read-access input is '0', offers potential power-saving benefits and avoids write-read contention. When a read-access input is '0', you cannot assume the value of the corresponding output. The hardware response to read-access input '0' depends on the underlying physical memory's capabilities and design configuration.

Turn off (default) to expose no read-access input controls. This setting is equivalent to permanently enabling read access to the outputs by driving the inputs with constant '1'.

You can specify the contents of the DualMem block in one of the following ways:

  • Use a single row or column vector to specify table contents. The length of the 1D row or column vector determines the number of addressable entries in the table. If DSP Builder reads vector data from the table, all components of a given vector share the same value.
  • When a look-up table contains vector data, you can provide a matrix to specify the table contents. The number of rows in the matrix determines the number of addressable entries in the table. Each row specifies the vector contents of the corresponding table entry. The number of columns must match the vector length, otherwise DSP Builder issues an error.

Every Primitive library block accepts double-precision floating-point values when specifying mask parameters. This format limits precision to no more than 53 bits, which is more than sufficient for most of the blocks. For higher precision, the Const, DualMem, or LUT blocks optionally accept values using Simulink's Fixed Point data type. For example:

constValue = fi(0.142, 1, 16, 15)

vectorValue = fi(sin([0:10]'), 1, 18, 15)

To configure a Const, DualMem, or LUT with data of precision higher than IEEE double precision, create a MATLAB fi object of the required precision that contains the high precision data. Avoid truncation when creating this object. Use the fi object to specify the Value of the Const, the Initial Contents of the DualMem block, or the Output value map of the LUT block.

Table 196.  Port Interface for the DualMem Block
Signal Direction Type Description Vector Data Support Complex Data Support
d1 Input Any Data to write for interface 1 Yes Yes
a1 Input Unsigned integer Address to read or write from for interface 1 Yes No
w1 Input Boolean Write is enabled for interface 1 when 1 Yes No
r1 Input Boolean Read-access control for q output of interface 1. Only present when you turn on Provide Read-Access Inputs Yes No
d2 Input Any Data to write for interface 2. Only present when you turn on Allow write on both ports Yes Yes
a2 Input Unsigned integer Address to read or write from for interface 2 Yes No
w2 Input Boolean Write is enabled for interface 2 when 1. Only present when you turn on Allow write on both ports Yes No
r2 Input Boolean Read-Access control for q output of interface 1. Only present when you turn on Provide Read-Access Inputs Yes No
q1 Output Any Data out from interface 1.  (1) Yes Yes
q2 Output Any Data out from interface 2.  (1) Yes Yes
Note:
  1. If the address for interface 1 exceeds the memory size, q1 is not defined. If the address for interface 2 exceeds the memory size, q2 is not defined.
Related Information
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